{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:40:14Z","timestamp":1760229614666,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of Hebei GEO University","award":["KJCXTD-2021-10","41271344","BR2-232","D2013403008","2022AAC03097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJCXTD-2021-10","41271344","BR2-232","D2013403008","2022AAC03097"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KJCXTD-2021-10","41271344","BR2-232","D2013403008","2022AAC03097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJCXTD-2021-10","41271344","BR2-232","D2013403008","2022AAC03097"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Education Department of Hebei Province","award":["KJCXTD-2021-10","41271344","BR2-232","D2013403008","2022AAC03097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJCXTD-2021-10","41271344","BR2-232","D2013403008","2022AAC03097"]}]},{"name":"Nature Science Fund Project of Hebei Province","award":["KJCXTD-2021-10","41271344","BR2-232","D2013403008","2022AAC03097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJCXTD-2021-10","41271344","BR2-232","D2013403008","2022AAC03097"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Province","award":["KJCXTD-2021-10","41271344","BR2-232","D2013403008","2022AAC03097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJCXTD-2021-10","41271344","BR2-232","D2013403008","2022AAC03097"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Based on a linear spectral mixture model and multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis, using daily advanced very-high-resolution radiometer (AVHRR\/2) data of the Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau, a subpixel snow mapping algorithm was proposed in this paper, for prolonging the historical time series of the fractional snow cover data to 40 years. In particular, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and channels 1 and 2 of AVHRR\/2 data were used to automatically select the end-members directly, from a certain AVHRR\/2 image. A look-up table of sample spectra of mixed pixels and their respective snow cover percentages was introduced for one AVHRR\/2 image. According to the established look-up tables, the fractional snow cover of each mixed pixel can then be extracted from the AVHRR\/2 images. Before the subpixel snow mapping, the cloud pollution of the AVHRR\/2 images was mitigated, with both the thick and thin clouds almost removed from the AVHRR\/2 images. It turns out that the processing speed of the subpixel snow mapping is three times faster than the process not using the look-up table. The mapping algorithm was validated against the snow-covered area from Thematic Mapper (TM) data, with the root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) well below 0.12. Results show that the proposed algorithm for subpixel snow mapping is both effective and efficient, especially in such a mountainous region as the Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14122899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T11:45:44Z","timestamp":1655466344000},"page":"2899","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Subpixel Snow Mapping Using Daily AVHRR\/2 Data over Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ji","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Land Science and Spatial Planning, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China"},{"name":"Hebei International Joint Research Center for Remote Sensing of Agricultural Drought Monitoring, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China"}]},{"given":"Shuqin","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Land Science and Spatial Planning, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China"},{"name":"Provincial Communications Planning and Design Institute, Shijiazhuang 050043, China"}]},{"given":"Guofei","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Land Science and Spatial Planning, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China"},{"name":"Hebei International Joint Research Center for Remote Sensing of Agricultural Drought Monitoring, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6163-2912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiancheng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"given":"Xinyun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breeding Base for State Key of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7331-1905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaojun","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0848-5076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenzou","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural College, The Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China"}]},{"given":"Huicai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Land Science and Spatial Planning, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China"},{"name":"Hebei International Joint Research Center for Remote Sensing of Agricultural Drought Monitoring, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China"}]},{"given":"Baoni","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Land Science and Spatial Planning, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China"},{"name":"Hebei International Joint Research Center for Remote Sensing of Agricultural Drought Monitoring, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(98)00041-8","article-title":"The effect of grain size on spectral mixture analysis of snow-covered area from AVIRIS","volume":"65","author":"Painter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Remote Sens. 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