{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T01:03:36Z","timestamp":1775264616633,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A new method to classify electronic devices using a Frequency-Swept Harmonic Radar (FSHR) approach is proposed in this paper. The FSHR approach enables us to utilize the frequency diversity of the harmonic responses of the electronic circuits. Unlike previous studies, a frequency-swept signal with a constant power is transmitted to Electronic Circuits Under Test (ECUTs). The harmonic response to a frequency-swept transmitted signal is found to be distinguishable for different types of ECUTs. Statistical and Fourier features of the harmonic responses are derived for classification. Later, the harmonic characteristics of the ECUTs are depicted in 3D harmonic and feature spaces for classification. Three-dimensional harmonic and feature spaces are composed of the first three harmonics of the re-radiated signal and the statistical or Fourier features, respectively. We extensively evaluate the performance of our novel method through Monte Carlo simulations in the presence of noise.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14122953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T04:39:55Z","timestamp":1655786395000},"page":"2953","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Classification of Electronic Devices Using a Frequency-Swept Harmonic Radar Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7013-5870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Handan","family":"Ilbegi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, 06560 Ankara, Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ankara University, 06830 Ankara, Turkey"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5859-867X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Halil Ibrahim","family":"Turan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7330-4692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imam Samil","family":"Yetik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, 06560 Ankara, Turkey"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6717-5484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harun Taha","family":"Hayvaci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.1981.309193","article-title":"Cross sections and radar equation for nonlinear scatterers","volume":"AES-17","author":"Powers","year":"1981","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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