{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:41:02Z","timestamp":1760229662268,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dongting Lake Area","award":["No. 2021-010","No. 21A0006","No. 2022JJ40472","No. kfj210802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2021-010","No. 21A0006","No. 2022JJ40472","No. kfj210802"]}]},{"name":"Department of education of Hunan Province of China","award":["No. 2021-010","No. 21A0006","No. 2022JJ40472","No. kfj210802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2021-010","No. 21A0006","No. 2022JJ40472","No. kfj210802"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China","award":["No. 2021-010","No. 21A0006","No. 2022JJ40472","No. kfj210802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2021-010","No. 21A0006","No. 2022JJ40472","No. kfj210802"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Hunan International Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation Base of Advanced Construction and Maintenance Technology of Highway","award":["No. 2021-010","No. 21A0006","No. 2022JJ40472","No. kfj210802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2021-010","No. 21A0006","No. 2022JJ40472","No. kfj210802"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A long-strip differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) measurement based on multi-frame image mosaicking is currently the realizable approach to measure large-scale ground deformation. As the spatial range of the mosaicked images increases, the nonlinear variation of ground ocean tidal loading (OTL) displacements is more significant, and using plane fitting to remove the large-scale errors will produce large tidal displacement residuals in a region with a complex coastline. To conveniently evaluate the ground tidal effect on mosaic DInSAR interferograms along the west coast of the U.S., a three-dimensional ground OTL displacements grid is generated by integrating tidal constituents\u2019 estimation of the GPS reference station network and global\/regional ocean tidal models. Meanwhile, a solid earth tide (SET) model based on IERS conventions is used to estimate the high-precision SET displacements. Experimental results show that the OTL and SET in a long-strip interferogram can reach 77.5 mm, which corresponds to a 19.3% displacement component. Furthermore, the traditional bilinear ramp fitting methods will cause 7.2~20.3 mm residual tidal displacement in the mosaicked interferograms, and the integrated tidal constituents displacements calculation method can accurately eliminate the tendency of tidal displacement in the long-strip interferograms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14122954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T04:39:55Z","timestamp":1655786395000},"page":"2954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evaluation of Tidal Effect in Long-Strip DInSAR Measurements Based on GPS Network and Tidal Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5305-0963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan International Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation Base of Advanced Construction and Maintenance Technology of Highway, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China"},{"name":"School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China"}]},{"given":"Qijie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"},{"name":"Hunan Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Ecological Environment in Dongting Lake Area, Changsha 410007, China"}]},{"given":"Yunmeng","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GNS Science, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7741-4899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuemin","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan International Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation Base of Advanced Construction and Maintenance Technology of Highway, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China"}]},{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan International Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation Base of Advanced Construction and Maintenance Technology of Highway, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2019.2940207","article-title":"Toward Absolute Phase Change Recovery With InSAR: Correcting for Earth Tides and Phase Unwrapping Ambiguities","volume":"58","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-012-0571-6","article-title":"Reliable estimation of orbit errors in spaceborne SAR interferometry","volume":"86","author":"Hanssen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Geod."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"102438","article-title":"Orbit error removal in InSAR\/MTInSAR with a patch-based polynomial model","volume":"102","author":"Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kowalczyk, K., Pajak, K., Wieczorek, B., and Naumowicz, B. (2021). An Analysis of Vertical Crustal Movements along the European Coast from Satellite Altimetry, Tide Gauge, GNSS and Radar Interferometry. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13112173"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11411","DOI":"10.1029\/JC095iC07p11411","article-title":"Global charts of ocean tide loading effects","volume":"95","author":"Francis","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-007-0185-6","article-title":"Ocean tide loading (OTL) displacements from global and local grids: Comparisons to GPS estimates over the shelf of Brittany, France","volume":"82","author":"Melachroinos","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Geod."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, K., Ji, C., Luo, L., and Wang, X. (2020). Simulation Study of Moon-Based InSAR Observation for Solid Earth Tides. Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12010123"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1002\/2013JB010588","article-title":"Improving InSAR geodesy using Global Atmospheric Models","volume":"119","author":"Jolivet","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L22309","DOI":"10.1029\/2008GL035806","article-title":"Importance of ocean tidal load corrections for differential InSAR","volume":"35","author":"DiCaprio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1007\/s10236-006-0086-x","article-title":"Modelling the global ocean tides: Modern insights from FES2004","volume":"56","author":"Lyard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ocean Dyn."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, W., Wang, Q., and Cao, Y. (2017). Analysis of Ocean Tide Loading in Differential InSAR Measurements. Remote Sens., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9020101"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3772","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2020.3002777","article-title":"Spatiotemporal Ocean Tidal Loading in InSAR Measurements Determined by Kinematic PPP Solutions of a Regional GPS Network","volume":"13","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2020GL088184","DOI":"10.1029\/2020GL088184","article-title":"Ocean Tide Loading Effects on InSAR Observations Over Wide Regions","volume":"47","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geog.2021.11.002","article-title":"Ocean tide loading correction for InSAR measurements: Comparison of different ocean tide models","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geod. Geodyn."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0426(2002)019<0183:EIMOBO>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Efficient Inverse Modeling of Barotropic Ocean Tides","volume":"19","author":"Egbert","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1029\/97JC00445","article-title":"Accuracy assessment of recent ocean tidal models","volume":"102","author":"Shum","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-006-0118-9","article-title":"A comparison of GPS, VLBI and model estimates of ocean tide loading displacements","volume":"81","author":"Thomas","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Geod."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1029\/1998JB900051","article-title":"Tides for a convective Earth","volume":"104","author":"Dehant","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Petit, G., and Luzum, B. (2010). IERS Conventions (2010), Technical Report DTIC Document, International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service. No. 36."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, F., Konecny, M., Chen, M., and Reznik, T. (2021). A Barotropic Tide Model for Global Ocean Based on Rotated Spherical Longitude-Latitude Grids. Water, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/w13192670"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6540","DOI":"10.1002\/2015JB011884","article-title":"Ocean tide loading displacements in western Europe: 2. GPS-observed anelastic dispersion in the asthenosphere","volume":"120","author":"Bos","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-020-01393-5","article-title":"Benefits of combining GPS and GLONASS for measuring ocean tide loading displacement","volume":"94","author":"Abbaszadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Geod."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.08.035","article-title":"Analysis of tidal signals in surface displacement measured by a dense continuous GPS array","volume":"355\u2013356","author":"Yuan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Earth Planet. Sci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, G., Wang, Q., and Peng, W. (2019). Accurate Evaluation of Vertical Tidal Displacement Determined by GPS Kinematic Precise Point Positioning: A Case Study of Hong Kong. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19112559"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5109","DOI":"10.1029\/96JB03458","article-title":"NLOADF; a program for computing ocean-tide loading","volume":"102","author":"Agnew","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1109\/81.855471","article-title":"Recurrent least squares support vector machines","volume":"47","author":"Suykens","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Fundam. Theory Appl."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"1\u201313","article-title":"Recent advances in SAR interferometry time series analysis for measuring crustal deformation","volume":"514\u2013517","author":"Hooper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2020JB020952","DOI":"10.1029\/2020JB020952","article-title":"Advanced InSAR Tropospheric Corrections From Global Atmospheric Models that Incorporate Spatial Stochastic Properties of the Troposphere","volume":"126","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2016.09.246","article-title":"Sentinel-1 Support in the GAMMA Software","volume":"100","author":"Werner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2002.803792","article-title":"A new algorithm for surface deformation monitoring based on small baseline differential SAR interferograms","volume":"40","author":"Berardino","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2015.08.035","article-title":"Statistical comparison of InSAR tropospheric correction techniques","volume":"170","author":"Bekaert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/12\/2954\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:36:08Z","timestamp":1760139368000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/12\/2954"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["rs14122954"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs14122954","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-4292"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]]}}}