{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T08:12:50Z","timestamp":1774771970957,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Canadian Lake Pulse Network","award":["NETGP 479720-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NETGP 479720-15"]}]},{"name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Canadian Lake Pulse Network","award":["RGPIN-2019-06070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2019-06070"]}]},{"name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Canadian Lake Pulse Network","award":["FARIMA18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FARIMA18"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"NSERC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NETGP 479720-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NETGP 479720-15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"NSERC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN-2019-06070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2019-06070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"NSERC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FARIMA18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FARIMA18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Canadian Space Agency (CSA)","award":["NETGP 479720-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NETGP 479720-15"]}]},{"name":"Canadian Space Agency (CSA)","award":["RGPIN-2019-06070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2019-06070"]}]},{"name":"Canadian Space Agency (CSA)","award":["FARIMA18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FARIMA18"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Atmospheric correction of satellite optical imagery over inland waters is a key remaining challenge in aquatic remote sensing. This is due to numerous confounding factors such as the complexity of water optical properties, the surface glint, the heterogeneous nature of atmospheric aerosols, and the proximity of bright land surfaces. This combination of factors makes it difficult to retrieve accurate information about the system observed. Moreover, the impact of radiance coming from adjacent land (adjacency effects) in complex geometries further adds to this challenge, especially for small lakes. In this study, ten atmospheric correction algorithms were evaluated for high-resolution multispectral imagery of Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager and Sentinel-2 MultiSpectral Instrument using in situ optical measurements from ~300 lakes across Canada. The results of the validation show that the performance of the algorithms varies by spectral band and evaluation metrics. The dark spectrum fitting algorithm had the best performance in terms of similarity angle (spectral shape), while the neural network-based models showed the lowest errors and bias per band. However, none of the tested atmospheric correction algorithms meet a 30% retrieval accuracy target across all the visible bands, likely due to uncorrected adjacency effects. To quantify this process, three-dimensional radiative transfer simulations were performed and compared to satellite observations. These simulations show that up to 60% of the top of atmosphere reflectance in the near-infrared bands over the lake was from the adjacent lands covered with green vegetation. The significance of these adjacency effects on atmospheric correction has been analyzed qualitatively, and potential efforts to improve the atmospheric correction algorithms are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14132979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T23:11:19Z","timestamp":1655939479000},"page":"2979","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Evaluation of Atmospheric Correction Algorithms over Lakes for High-Resolution Multispectral Imagery: Implications of Adjacency Effect"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yanqun","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de biologie, Chimie et G\u00e9ographie, Groupes BOR\u00c9AS et Qu\u00e9bec Oc\u00e9an, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Rimouski, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9172-8376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"B\u00e9langer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de biologie, Chimie et G\u00e9ographie, Groupes BOR\u00c9AS et Qu\u00e9bec Oc\u00e9an, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Rimouski, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada"}]},{"given":"Yannick","family":"Huot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de G\u00e9omatique Appliqu\u00e9e, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2015.12.009","article-title":"Remote sensing for lake research and monitoring\u2014Recent advances","volume":"64","author":"Oppelt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/250213a0","article-title":"Remote sensing and lake eutrophication","volume":"250","author":"Wrilegy","year":"1974","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1017\/S0376892902000218","article-title":"Environmental issues in lakes and ponds: Current state and perspectives","volume":"29","author":"Hansson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1017\/S1464793105006950","article-title":"Freshwater biodiversity: Importance, threats, status and conservation challenges","volume":"81","author":"Dudgeon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"U.S. Senate (2002). Federal Water Pollution Control Act, 33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Government of South Africa (1998). National Water Act."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Australian Government (2000). National Water Management Strategy of Australia and New Zealand."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"European Commission (2000). Directive 2000\/60\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 Establishing a Framework for Community Action in the Field of Water Policy 2000, European Commission."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.133668","article-title":"The NSERC Canadian Lake Pulse Network: A national assessment of lake health providing science for water management in a changing climate","volume":"695","author":"Huot","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Topp, S.N., Pavelsky, T.M., Jensen, D., Simard, M., and Ross, M.R.V. (2020). Research trends in the use of remote sensing for inland water quality science: Moving towards multidisciplinary applications. Water, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/w12010169"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"623","article-title":"Landsat analysis of lake quality","volume":"45","author":"Scarpace","year":"1979","journal-title":"Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1002\/lno.10146","article-title":"Long term water clarity changes in North America\u2019s Great Lakes from multi-sensor satellite observations","volume":"60","author":"Binding","year":"2015","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Jones, M.O. (2006). Application of MODIS for Monitoring Water Quality of a Large Oligotrophic Lake. [Graduate Student Thesis, University of Montana]."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.5589\/m13-017","article-title":"Remote sensing of lake CDOM using noncontemporaneous field data","volume":"39","author":"Cardille","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1080\/014311601450059","article-title":"Determination of chlorophyll concentration changes in Lake Garda using an image-based radiative transfer code for Landsat TM images","volume":"22","author":"Brivio","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2003.815999","article-title":"Overview of the Earth Observing One (EO-1) mission","volume":"41","author":"Ungar","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advwatres.2010.08.010","article-title":"Estimation of water clarity in Taihu Lake and surrounding rivers using Landsat imagery","volume":"34","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Water Resour."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deutsch, E.S., Cardille, J.A., Koll-Egyed, T., and Fortin, M.J. (2021). Landsat 8 lake water clarity empirical algorithms: Large-scale calibration and validation using government and citizen science data from across Canada. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13071257"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koll-Egyed, T., Cardille, J.A., and Deutsch, E. (2021). Multiple images improve lake CDOM estimation: Building better landsat 8 empirical algorithms across southern canada. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13183615"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2013.07.040","article-title":"Monitoring blooms and surface accumulation of cyanobacteria in the Curonian Lagoon by combining MERIS and ASAR data","volume":"146","author":"Bresciani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2011.2174339","article-title":"Using Landsat\/TM imagery to estimate nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in Taihu Lake, China","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4330","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(02)00146-X","article-title":"Application of Landsat imagery to regional-scale assessments of lake clarity","volume":"36","author":"Kloiber","year":"2002","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(02)00022-6","article-title":"A procedure for regional lake water clarity assessment using Landsat multispectral data","volume":"82","author":"Kloiber","year":"2002","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"465","article-title":"Landsat Thematic Mapper monitoring of turbid inland water quality","volume":"58","author":"Lathrop","year":"1992","journal-title":"Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"219","article-title":"Use of landsat data to predict the trophic state of Minnesota lakes","volume":"49","author":"Lillesand","year":"1983","journal-title":"Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3988","DOI":"10.3390\/s8063988","article-title":"Detecting aquatic vegetation changes in Taihu lake, China using multi-temporal satellite imagery","volume":"8","author":"Ma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1080\/07438140609353895","article-title":"Influence of chlorophyll and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) on lake reflectance spectra: Implications for measuring lake properties by remote sensing","volume":"22","author":"Menken","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lake Reserv. Manag."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"26","article-title":"Ocean Color Measurements from Landsat-8 OLI using SeaDAS","volume":"12","author":"Franz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Ocean Opt."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1080\/014311699212533","article-title":"A multiple scattering algorithm for atmospheric correction of remotely sensed ocean colour (MERIS instrument): Principle and implementation for atmospheres carrying various aerosols including absorbing ones","volume":"20","author":"Antoine","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.26.002111","article-title":"Coastal Zone Color Scanner atmospheric correction algorithm: Multiple scattering effects","volume":"26","author":"Gordon","year":"1987","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Mobley, C.D., Werdell, J., Franz, B., Ahmad, Z., and Bailey, S. (2016). Atmospheric Correction for Satellite Ocean Color Radiometry, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. A Tutorial and Documentation of the Algorithms Used by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"340","article-title":"Satellite data for ocean biology, biogeochemistry, and climate research","volume":"87","author":"McClain","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eos"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2015.02.001","article-title":"Remote Sensing of Environment Aquatic color radiometry remote sensing of coastal and inland waters: Challenges and recommendations for future satellite missions","volume":"160","author":"Mouw","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2021.112366","article-title":"ACIX-Aqua: A global assessment of atmospheric correction methods for Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 over lakes, rivers, and coastal waters","volume":"258","author":"Pahlevan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2019.03.018","article-title":"Assessment of atmospheric correction algorithms for the Sentinel-2A MultiSpectral Imager over coastal and inland waters","volume":"225","author":"Warren","year":"2019","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira-Sandoval, M., Ruescas, A., Urrego, P., Ruiz-Verd\u00fa, A., Delegido, J., Tenjo, C., Soria-Perpiny\u00e0, X., Vicente, E., Soria, J., and Moreno, J. (2019). Evaluation of atmospheric correction algorithms over spanish inland waters for sentinel-2 multi spectral imagery data. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11121469"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160600821127","article-title":"The MERIS case 2 water algorithm","volume":"28","author":"Doerffer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Brockmann, C., Doerffer, R., Peters, M., Stelzer, K., Embacher, S., and Ruescas, A. (2016, January 9\u201313). Evolution of the C2RSS Neural Network for Sentinel 2 and 3 for the Ritreval of Ocean Color Products in Normal and Extreme Optically Complex Waters. Proceedings of the Living Planet Symposium 2016, Prague, Czech Republic."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9783","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.19.009783","article-title":"(POLYMER)Atmospheric correction in presence of sun glint: Application to MERIS","volume":"19","author":"Steinmetz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2018.07.015","article-title":"Atmospheric correction of metre-scale optical satellite data for inland and coastal water applications","volume":"216","author":"Vanhellemont","year":"2018","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1080\/22797254.2018.1457937","article-title":"Atmospheric correction of Landsat-8\/OLI and Sentinel-2\/MSI data using iCOR algorithm: Validation for coastal and inland waters","volume":"51","author":"Sterckx","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Main-Knorn, M., Pflug, B., Louis, J., Debaecker, V., M\u00fcller-Wilm, U., and Gascon, F. (2017). Sen2Cor for Sentinel-2. Image and Signal Processing for Remote Sensing, SPIE.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2278218"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2852","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.18.002852","article-title":"Adjacency effects on imaging by surface reflection and atmospheric scattering: Cross radiance to zenith","volume":"18","author":"Otterman","year":"1979","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.39.000361","article-title":"Adjacency effects on water surfaces: Primary scattering approximation and sensitivity study","volume":"39","author":"Santer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3676","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.20.003676","article-title":"Influence of the background contribution upon space measurements of ground reflectance","volume":"20","author":"Herman","year":"1981","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12000","DOI":"10.1029\/JD092iD10p12000","article-title":"Adjacency effect produced by the atmospheric scattering in thematic mapper data","volume":"92","author":"Deschamps","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2014.07.025","article-title":"Sensor independent adjacency correction algorithm for coastal and inland water systems","volume":"157","author":"Kiselev","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4453","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.34.004453","article-title":"Monte Carlo simulation of the atmospheric point-spread function with an application to correction for the adjacency effect","volume":"34","author":"Reinersman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2014.06.017","article-title":"SIMilarity Environment Correction (SIMEC) applied to MERIS data over inland and coastal waters","volume":"157","author":"Sterckx","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.53.001523","article-title":"Simulation and analysis of adjacency effects in coastal waters: A case study","volume":"53","author":"Bulgarelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2017.12.021","article-title":"On the detectability of adjacency effects in ocean color remote sensing of mid-latitude coastal environments by SeaWiFS, MODIS-A, MERIS, OLCI, OLI and MSI","volume":"209","author":"Bulgarelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2017.2781900","article-title":"Seasonal Impact of Adjacency Effects on Ocean Color Radiometry at the AAOT Validation Site","volume":"15","author":"Bulgarelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1080\/01431169008955008","article-title":"A fast atmospheric correction algorithm applied to landsat tm images","volume":"11","author":"Richter","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s10043-001-0133-2","article-title":"Adjacency effect in the atmospheric correction of satellite remote sensing data: Evaluation of the influence of aerosol extinction profiles","volume":"8","author":"Minomura","year":"2001","journal-title":"Opt. Rev."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8019","DOI":"10.3390\/rs70608019","article-title":"Modeling Top of Atmosphere Radiance over Heterogeneous Non-Lambertian Rugged Terrain","volume":"7","author":"Mousivand","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C63","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.378512","article-title":"Adjacency radiance around a small island: Implications for system vicarious calibrations","volume":"59","author":"Bulgarelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2019.01.023","article-title":"Performance of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 surface reflectance products for river remote sensing retrievals of chlorophylla and turbidity","volume":"224","author":"Kuhn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2021.112543","article-title":"Influence of atmospheric adjacency effect on top-of-atmosphere radiances and its correction in the retrieval of Lambertian surface reflectivity based on three-dimensional radiative transfer","volume":"263","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Statistics Canada (2018). Ecological Land Classification, 2017.","DOI":"10.1787\/int_trade-v2017-4-6-en"},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"McColl, R.W. (2015). Encyclopedia of World Geography, Infobase Publishing."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"Morrow, J.H., Booth, C.R., Lind, R.N., Hooker, S.B., Profiling, O., In, S.C., Hooker, S.B., and Booth, C.R. (2010). The Compact-Optical Profiling System (C-OPS). Advances in Measuring the Apparent Optical Properties (AOPs) of Optically Complex Waters, NASA Tech.Memo, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Biospherical Instruments Inc: 2010\u2013215856."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruddick, K.G., Voss, K., Banks, A.C., Boss, E., Castagna, A., Frouin, R., Hieronymi, M., Jamet, C., Johnson, B.C., and Kuusk, J. (2019). A Review of Protocols for Fiducial Reference Measurements of Downwelling Irradiance for the Validation of Satellite Remote Sensing Data over Water. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11151742"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1002\/lno.10674","article-title":"Optical types of inland and coastal waters","volume":"63","author":"Spyrakos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"096070","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JRS.9.096070","article-title":"Ocean color measurements with the Operational Land Imager on Landsat-8: Implementation and evaluation in SeaDAS","volume":"9","author":"Franz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2017.08.033","article-title":"Sentinel-2 MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) data processing for aquatic science applications: Demonstrations and validations","volume":"201","author":"Pahlevan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4511","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-10-4511-2013","article-title":"Apparent optical properties of the Canadian Beaufort Sea\u2014Part 2: The 1% and 1 cm perspective in deriving and validating AOP data products","volume":"10","author":"Hooker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6864","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.32.006864","article-title":"Diffuse reflectance of oceanic waters II Bidirectional aspects","volume":"32","author":"Morel","year":"1993","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_68","unstructured":"Mueller, J.L., Austin, R.W., Morel, A.Y., Fargion, G.S., and McClain, C.R. (2003). Ocean Optics Protocols for Satellite Ocean Color Sensor Validation, Revision 4, Volume I: Introduction, Background and Conventions, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Nasa\/Tm-2003-21621."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7163","DOI":"10.1029\/2000JC000319","article-title":"Bio-optical properties of oceanic waters: A reappraisal","volume":"106","author":"Morel","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Ocean."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7442","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.38.007442","article-title":"Estimation of the remote-sensing reflectance from above-surface measurements","volume":"38","author":"Mobley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2006.51.2.1167","article-title":"Seaborne measurements of near infrared water-leaving reflectance: The similarity spectrum for turbid waters","volume":"51","author":"Ruddick","year":"2006","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2013.04.001","article-title":"Unattended processing of shipborne hyperspectral reflectance measurements","volume":"135","author":"Simis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2013.02.011","article-title":"Removing glint effects from field radiometry data measured in optically complex coastal and inland waters","volume":"133","author":"Kutser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2020.05.003","article-title":"A simple and effective method for removing residual reflected skylight in above-water remote sensing reflectance measurements","volume":"165","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5755","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.41.005755","article-title":"(QAA)Deriving Inherent Optical Properties from Water Color: A Multiband Quasi-Analytical Algorithm for Optically Deep Waters","volume":"41","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7521","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.18.007521","article-title":"Estimation of near-infrared water-leaving reflectance for satellite ocean color data processing","volume":"18","author":"Bailey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3582","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.39.003582","article-title":"Atmospheric correction of satellite ocean color imagery: The black pixel assumption","volume":"39","author":"Siegel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2008.11.005","article-title":"Evaluation of MODIS SWIR and NIR-SWIR atmospheric correction algorithms using SeaBASS data","volume":"113","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2019.03.010","article-title":"Adaptation of the dark spectrum fitting atmospheric correction for aquatic applications of the Landsat and Sentinel-2 archives","volume":"225","author":"Vanhellemont","year":"2019","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_80","unstructured":"U.S. Geological Survey (2019). Landsat 8 Surface Reflectance Code (LASRC) Poduct Guide, No. LSDS-1368 Version 2.0."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-5-1855-2005","article-title":"Technical note: The libRadtran software package for radiative transfer calculations\u2014Description and examples of use","volume":"5","author":"Mayer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_82","first-page":"0564-03","article-title":"Atmospheric and topographic correction (ATCOR theoretical background document)","volume":"1","author":"Richter","year":"2020","journal-title":"DLR IB"},{"key":"ref_83","first-page":"3","article-title":"Opera: An atmospheric correction for land and water","volume":"1","author":"Sterckx","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Sentin. Sci. Work."},{"key":"ref_84","unstructured":"Guanter, L. (2006). New Algorithms for Atmospheric Correction and Retrieval of Biophysical Parameters in Earth Observation. Application to ENVISAT\/MERIS Data, Universitat de Valencia."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2007.12.013","article-title":"A 20-year Landsat water clarity census of Minnesota\u2019s 10,000 lakes","volume":"112","author":"Olmanson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2011.02.023","article-title":"Influence of atmospheric correction and number of sampling points on the accuracy of water clarity assessment using remote sensing application","volume":"401","author":"Sriwongsitanon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2013.03.024","article-title":"Remote sensing of chlorophyll-a as a measure of cyanobacterial biomass in Lake Bogoria, a hypertrophic, saline-alkaline, flamingo lake, using Landsat ETM+","volume":"135","author":"Tebbs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5545","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.49.005545","article-title":"New aerosol models for the retrieval of aerosol optical thickness and normalized water-leaving radiances from the SeaWiFS and MODIS sensors over coastal regions and open oceans","volume":"49","author":"Ahmad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5049","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160410001720199","article-title":"Simulating Landsat ETM+ imagery using DAIS 7915 hyperspectral scanner data","volume":"25","author":"Kavzoglu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doxani, G., Vermote, E., Roger, J.C., Gascon, F., Adriaensen, S., Frantz, D., Hagolle, O., Hollstein, A., Kirches, G., and Li, F. (2018). Atmospheric correction inter-comparison exercise. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10020352"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.26.00A709","article-title":"On the minimization of adjacency effects in SeaWiFS primary data products from coastal areas","volume":"26","author":"Bulgarelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.56.000854","article-title":"Adjacency effects in satellite radiometric products from coastal waters: A theoretical analysis for the northern Adriatic Sea","volume":"56","author":"Bulgarelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/13\/2979\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:37:27Z","timestamp":1760139447000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/13\/2979"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["rs14132979"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs14132979","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]}}}