{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T22:38:40Z","timestamp":1780439920739,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]],"date-time":"2022-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Next-Generation Global Prediction System (NGGPS)","award":["NOAA-Award ID NA18NWS4680055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NOAA-Award ID NA18NWS4680055"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hourly and 15 min GOES-16 and -17 atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) are evaluated using the 2020 version of the operational HWRF to assess their impact on tropical cyclone forecasting. The evaluation includes infrared (IR), visible (VIS), shortwave (SWIR), clear air, and cloud top water vapor (CAWV and CTWV) AMVs derived from the ABI imagery. Several changes are made to optimize the assimilation of these winds. The observational error profile is inflated to avoid overweighting of the AMVs. The range of allowable AMV wind speeds entering the assimilation system is increased to include larger wind speeds observed in tropical cyclones. Two data quality checks, commonly used for rejecting AMVs, namely QI and PCT1, have been removed. These changes resulted in a 20\u201340% increase in the number of AMVs assimilated. One additional change, specific to infrared AMVs, is narrowing the atmospheric layer where IR AMVs are rejected from 400\u2013800 hPa to 400\u2013600 hPa. The AMVs\u2019 impact on forecast skill is assessed using storms from the North Atlantic and the Eastern Pacific, respectively. Overall, GOES-16 and -17 AMVs are beneficial for improving tropical cyclone forecasting. Positive analysis and forecast impact are obtained for track error, intensity error, minimum central pressure error, and storm size.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14133068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]],"date-time":"2022-06-26T22:50:23Z","timestamp":1656283823000},"page":"3068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Optimizing the Assimilation of the GOES-16\/-17 Atmospheric Motion Vectors in the Hurricane Weather Forecasting (HWRF) Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6518-8014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnes H. N.","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon E.","family":"Nebuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9438-6631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime M.","family":"Daniels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NOAA NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research, College Park, MD 207040, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I.M. Systems Group (IMSG), Rockville, MD 20852, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne","family":"Bresky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I.M. Systems Group (IMSG), Rockville, MD 20852, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NOAA\/NWS\/NCEP\/Environmental Modeling Center, College Park, MD 20740, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avichal","family":"Mehra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NOAA\/NWS\/NCEP\/Environmental Modeling Center, College Park, MD 20740, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0477(2001)082<0033:CTWSIF>2.3.CO;2","article-title":"Cloud Tracking with Satellite Imagery: From the Pioneering Work of Ted Fujita to the Present","volume":"82","author":"Menzel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bull. Am. Meteorol. 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