{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:43:34Z","timestamp":1760229814280,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62171099","U19A2056","2022NSFSC0862","2022NSFSC0888","2022NSFSC0546","ZYGX2020J002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62171099","U19A2056","2022NSFSC0862","2022NSFSC0888","2022NSFSC0546","ZYGX2020J002"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan","award":["62171099","U19A2056","2022NSFSC0862","2022NSFSC0888","2022NSFSC0546","ZYGX2020J002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62171099","U19A2056","2022NSFSC0862","2022NSFSC0888","2022NSFSC0546","ZYGX2020J002"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62171099","U19A2056","2022NSFSC0862","2022NSFSC0888","2022NSFSC0546","ZYGX2020J002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62171099","U19A2056","2022NSFSC0862","2022NSFSC0888","2022NSFSC0546","ZYGX2020J002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, a universal multi\u2013frequency micro-resistivity array imaging (UMMAI) system for subsurface sensing is developed and verified. Different from conventional micro-resistivity imaging equipments, UMMAI is capable to provide high-resolution fullbore formation images in multiple logging environments including an oil-based mud scene, water-based mud scene and water-oil mixed mud scene, owning to the large dynamic range and good linearity of transceivers. With the advantage of diversity in excitation signal frequency, UMMAI presents abundant amplitude\u2013frequency characteristics response images and phase\u2013frequency characteristics response images of subsurface formations at the same time, which is beneficial to multi\u2013frequency image fusion in the future. The fullbore imaging ability of UMMAI is evaluated in three different field tests, and the results show that UMMAI can give satisfactory credible formation images with high resolution, which is suitable for subsurface formation discrimination and useful for reservoir identification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14133116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T01:48:38Z","timestamp":1656467318000},"page":"3116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Universal Multi-Frequency Micro-Resistivity Array Imaging Method for Subsurface Sensing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1763-538X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haining","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tingjun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shijia","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"3-D Numerical Mode Matching Method for Off-Centered Electromagnetic Well Logging Tools in Noncircular Vertical Borehole and Invasion Zones in Multilayered Media","volume":"60","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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