{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T19:02:12Z","timestamp":1775156532227,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Great Wall Scholar Program","award":["CIT&TCD20190305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIT&TCD20190305"]}]},{"name":"Great Wall Scholar Program","award":["2020-0-01576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-0-01576"]}]},{"name":"Great Wall Scholar Program","award":["61503005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61503005"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Urban Governance Research Base, Education and Teaching Reform Project of North China University of Technology","award":["CIT&TCD20190305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIT&TCD20190305"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Urban Governance Research Base, Education and Teaching Reform Project of North China University of Technology","award":["2020-0-01576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-0-01576"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Urban Governance Research Base, Education and Teaching Reform Project of North China University of Technology","award":["61503005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61503005"]}]},{"name":"MSIT (Ministry of Science, ICT), Korea, under the High-Potential Individuals Global Training Program","award":["CIT&TCD20190305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIT&TCD20190305"]}]},{"name":"MSIT (Ministry of Science, ICT), Korea, under the High-Potential Individuals Global Training Program","award":["2020-0-01576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-0-01576"]}]},{"name":"MSIT (Ministry of Science, ICT), Korea, under the High-Potential Individuals Global Training Program","award":["61503005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61503005"]}]},{"name":"IITP (Institute for Information &amp; Communications Technology Planning &amp; Evaluation)","award":["CIT&TCD20190305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIT&TCD20190305"]}]},{"name":"IITP (Institute for Information &amp; Communications Technology Planning &amp; Evaluation)","award":["2020-0-01576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-0-01576"]}]},{"name":"IITP (Institute for Information &amp; Communications Technology Planning &amp; Evaluation)","award":["61503005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61503005"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["CIT&TCD20190305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIT&TCD20190305"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2020-0-01576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-0-01576"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["61503005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61503005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Accurate semantic analysis of LiDAR point clouds enables the interaction between intelligent vehicles and the real environment. This paper proposes a hybrid 2D and 3D Hough Net by combining 3D global Hough features and 2D local Hough features with a classification deep learning network. Firstly, the 3D object point clouds are mapped into the 3D Hough space to extract the global Hough features. The generated global Hough features are input into the 3D convolutional neural network for training global features. Furthermore, a multi-scale critical point sampling method is designed to extract critical points in the 2D views projected from the point clouds to reduce the computation of redundant points. To extract local features, a grid-based dynamic nearest neighbors algorithm is designed by searching the neighbors of the critical points. Finally, the two networks are connected to the full connection layer, which is input into fully connected layers for object classification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14133146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T01:40:36Z","timestamp":1656639636000},"page":"3146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["2D&amp;3DHNet for 3D Object Classification in LiDAR Point Cloud"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5909-9661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4568-099X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dechao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6246-2046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Su","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Information Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9949-0569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lingfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China CITIC Bank, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100123, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0696-4658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3732-5346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunsick","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Multimedia Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryong","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Multimedia Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2020.02.103","article-title":"Sparse semantic map building and relocalization for UGV using 3D point clouds in outdoor environments","volume":"400","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2016.08.018","article-title":"Beyond 3-D: The new spectrum of lidar applications for earth and ecological sciences","volume":"186","author":"Eitel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Remote Sens. 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