{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:44:18Z","timestamp":1760229858689,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) program","award":["2019QZKK0105","2018YFC1505702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0105","2018YFC1505702"]}]},{"name":"National Key R &amp; D Projects","award":["2019QZKK0105","2018YFC1505702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0105","2018YFC1505702"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>M\u00eadog is located at the entrance of the water vapor channel in the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon (YGC). This area has the largest annual accumulated rainfall totals and precipitation frequency on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). This paper investigates the seasonal variation in raindrop size distribution (DSD) characteristics in M\u00eadog based on disdrometer observations from 1 July 2019 to 30 June 2020. The DSD characteristics are examined under six rain rate classes and two rainfall types (stratiform and convective) in the winter, premonsoon, monsoon and postmonsoon periods. The highest (lowest) concentration of small raindrops is observed in monsoon (winter) precipitation, whereas large raindrops predominate in premonsoon precipitation. For stratiform rainfall, the mean mass-weighted mean diameter (Dm) exhibits overlooked differences in the four periods, while the mean normalized intercept parameter (Nw) is significantly higher in the monsoon period than in the other three periods. The convective rainfall in the monsoon and postmonsoon periods is characterized by a high concentration of limited-size drops and can be classified as maritime-like. This is probably attributed to abundant warm and humid airflow transported by the Indian Ocean monsoon into M\u00eadog. The westerly winds prevail over the TP during the premonsoon period, and thereby the premonsoon convective rainfall in M\u00eadog has a larger mean Dm and a lower mean Nw. In addition, the relationships of radar reflectivity Z and rain rate R for different precipitation types in different periods are also derived. A better understanding of the seasonal variation in the microphysical characteristics of precipitation in M\u00eadog is important for improving the microphysical parameterization scheme and the precipitation forecast of models on the TP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14133149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T01:40:36Z","timestamp":1656639636000},"page":"3149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Seasonal Variation in Microphysical Characteristics of Precipitation at the Entrance of Water Vapor Channel in Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ran","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaili","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renran","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11787","DOI":"10.1002\/2017JD026816","article-title":"A Comparison Study of Summer Season Raindrop Size Distribution Between Palau and Taiwan, Two Islands in Western Pacific","volume":"122","author":"Seela","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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