{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T23:48:16Z","timestamp":1762300096095,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41901400","41971418","2020JJ1003","2022JJ30254","20C0800","19C0744","42-Y30B04-9001-19\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41901400","41971418","2020JJ1003","2022JJ30254","20C0800","19C0744","42-Y30B04-9001-19\/21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China","award":["41901400","41971418","2020JJ1003","2022JJ30254","20C0800","19C0744","42-Y30B04-9001-19\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41901400","41971418","2020JJ1003","2022JJ30254","20C0800","19C0744","42-Y30B04-9001-19\/21"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department","award":["41901400","41971418","2020JJ1003","2022JJ30254","20C0800","19C0744","42-Y30B04-9001-19\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41901400","41971418","2020JJ1003","2022JJ30254","20C0800","19C0744","42-Y30B04-9001-19\/21"]}]},{"name":"Gaofen Satellite Remote Sensing Surveying and Mapping Application Demonstration System (Phase II) of China","award":["41901400","41971418","2020JJ1003","2022JJ30254","20C0800","19C0744","42-Y30B04-9001-19\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41901400","41971418","2020JJ1003","2022JJ30254","20C0800","19C0744","42-Y30B04-9001-19\/21"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to the difference in surface reflectivity, the laser measurement waveform data recorded in full waveform have a saturation phenomenon. When the signal is saturated, the echo waveform produces peak clipping and pulse spreading, which seriously restrict the accuracy of laser measurement results and the usability of data. Therefore, we conducted a ranging investigation on the \u201cpeak clipping\u201d phenomenon of the saturated waveform and found a nonlinear time delay in the range, which is between the two extreme cases of saturated \u201cdead time\u201d and Gaussian fitting peak time as pulse signal reception time. Subsequently, based on the consistent relationship between the geometric characteristics of the high- and low-gain channels of the space-borne laser altimeter, we constructed a laser waveform saturation compensation model, namely, the laser pulse flight time delay compensation and the laser waveform peak intensity compensation, and carried out the data saturation compensation and validation with the dual-channel measurement data from the GaoFen-7 (GF-7) satellite. The experimental results showed that the saturation compensation model (SCM) proposed in this paper could restore the features of the saturated waveform signal and effectively improve the accuracy of the laser ranging. The accuracy of the laser waveform fitting result after saturation compensation improved from 0.7 ns (0.11 m) to 0.14 ns (0.02 m), which greatly improved the usability of the saturated laser measurement waveform data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14133158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]],"date-time":"2022-07-04T20:59:18Z","timestamp":1656968358000},"page":"3158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A Compensation Method of Saturated Waveform for Space-Borne Laser Altimeter"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7002-9480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaoning","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China"},{"name":"National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Geo-Spatial Information Technology, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China"},{"name":"School of Earth Sciences and Geospatial Information Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China"}]},{"given":"Xiufang","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China"},{"name":"National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Geo-Spatial Information Technology, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China"},{"name":"School of Earth Sciences and Geospatial Information Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8331-2266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongbo","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}]},{"given":"Qifan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China"},{"name":"National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Geo-Spatial Information Technology, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China"},{"name":"School of Earth Sciences and Geospatial Information Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L21S01","DOI":"10.1029\/2005GL024009","article-title":"Overview of the ICESat mission","volume":"32","author":"Schutz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Geophys. 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