{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:46:50Z","timestamp":1760230010006,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation, China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62022082","61725105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62022082","61725105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polarization calibration without artificial calibrators has been one of the focuses of research and discussion for PolSAR communities. However, there is limited research on the treatment of dual-polarization systems and the calibration methods for getting rid of distributed targets. In this paper, we contribute to proposing a new and convenient method for estimating the polarimetric channel imbalance phase at the transmitter and receiver, which can be used for both quad-pol and dual-pol SAR systems. We found a brand-new reference object in the urban area scene, namely the effective dihedrals. A statistical calculation method was proposed correspondingly, which obtained an effective estimation of the channel imbalance phases. The theoretical explanation of the proposed method was consistent with the statistical phenomena presented in the experiments. The technique was illustrated and verified through C-band SAR images, including GaoFen-3 (GF-3) data and Sentinel-1 data. The technique was also validated and successfully applied in airborne SAR data of P, L, S, C, and X bands. The estimation error could be within 7\u00b0 when crosstalk items were less than \u221230 dB. The method realizes a fast and low-cost dual-polarization phase imbalance estimation and provides a new technical approach to supplement the traditional tropical-rainforest-based quad-pol system calibration. The method can be conveniently applied to the monitoring of polarization distortion parameters, ensuring good polarization SAR data quality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14133177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]],"date-time":"2022-07-04T20:59:18Z","timestamp":1656968358000},"page":"3177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Novel Polarimetric Channel Imbalance Phase Estimation Method Based on the Rotated Double-Bounce Backscatters in Urban Areas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6986-0418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Songtao","family":"Shangguan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Suzhou 215124, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8517-3415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaolan","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Suzhou 215124, China"},{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System Aerospace Information Research Institute (AIR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System Aerospace Information Research Institute (AIR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenju","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Beijing Institute of Remote Sensing Information, Beijing 100192, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System Aerospace Information Research Institute (AIR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1109\/36.193786","article-title":"SAR calibration: An overview","volume":"30","author":"Freeman","year":"1992","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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