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Although satellite-based remote-sensing technologies have become important for monitoring vegetation dynamics, selecting the correct remote-sensing vegetation indicator has become paramount for such investigations. This study investigated the consistencies between a photosynthetic activity index (the solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) indicator) and the traditional vegetation index (the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)) among different land-cover types and in different seasons and explored the applicability of NDVI and SIF in different cases by comparing their performances in gross primary production (GPP) and grain-yield-monitoring applications. The vegetation cover and photosynthesis showed decreasing trends, which were mainly concentrated in northern Xinjiang and part of the Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau; a decreasing trend was also identified in a small part of Northeast China. The correlations between NDVI and SIF were strong for all land-cover types except evergreen needleleaf forests and evergreen broadleaf forests. Compared with NDVI, SIF had some advantages when monitoring the GPP and grain yields among different land-cover types. For example, SIF could capture the effects of drought on GPP and grain yields better than NDVI. To summarize, as the temporal extent of the available SIF data is extended, SIF will certainly perform increasingly wide applications in agricultural-management research that is closely related to GPP and grain-yield monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14133237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T21:15:52Z","timestamp":1657142152000},"page":"3237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Estimating the Applicability of NDVI and SIF to Gross Primary Productivity and Grain-Yield Monitoring in China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0303-1932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaoqiang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yibo","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou 450003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suning","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Climate Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Busan 46241, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5793-1138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haiyun","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2019.106785","article-title":"Predicted thresholds for natural vegetation cover to safeguard pollinator services in agricultural landscapes","volume":"290","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Agric. 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