{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T15:47:14Z","timestamp":1769442434245,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Strategic Priority Research Program, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","award":["No. XDB42000000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. XDB42000000"]}]},{"name":"the Strategic Priority Research Program, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","award":["No. GASI-01-EIND-STwin"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. GASI-01-EIND-STwin"]}]},{"name":"the Strategic Priority Research Program, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","award":["No. 41876123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 41876123"]}]},{"name":"the Strategic Priority Research Program, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","award":["No. SOEDZZ2104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. SOEDZZ2104"]}]},{"name":"Global Change and Air\u2013Sea Interaction Program Phase II \u201cJoint Advanced Marine and Ecological Studies in the Bay of Bengal and the Eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean (JAMES)\u201d","award":["No. XDB42000000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. XDB42000000"]}]},{"name":"Global Change and Air\u2013Sea Interaction Program Phase II \u201cJoint Advanced Marine and Ecological Studies in the Bay of Bengal and the Eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean (JAMES)\u201d","award":["No. GASI-01-EIND-STwin"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. GASI-01-EIND-STwin"]}]},{"name":"Global Change and Air\u2013Sea Interaction Program Phase II \u201cJoint Advanced Marine and Ecological Studies in the Bay of Bengal and the Eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean (JAMES)\u201d","award":["No. 41876123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 41876123"]}]},{"name":"Global Change and Air\u2013Sea Interaction Program Phase II \u201cJoint Advanced Marine and Ecological Studies in the Bay of Bengal and the Eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean (JAMES)\u201d","award":["No. SOEDZZ2104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. SOEDZZ2104"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["No. XDB42000000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. XDB42000000"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["No. GASI-01-EIND-STwin"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. GASI-01-EIND-STwin"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["No. 41876123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 41876123"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["No. SOEDZZ2104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. SOEDZZ2104"]}]},{"name":"SOED research program","award":["No. XDB42000000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. XDB42000000"]}]},{"name":"SOED research program","award":["No. GASI-01-EIND-STwin"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. GASI-01-EIND-STwin"]}]},{"name":"SOED research program","award":["No. 41876123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 41876123"]}]},{"name":"SOED research program","award":["No. SOEDZZ2104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. SOEDZZ2104"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multiple upwelling systems develop in the Indian Ocean during the summer monsoon. The Sri Lanka dome (SLD), which occurs in the open ocean off the east coast of Sri Lanka from June to September, is distinct from those near the coast. The SLD is characterized by uplifted thermocline and increased chlorophyll concentration. Mechanisms of the upwelling and its biogeochemical response are not well understood. Here, we explored the dynamics of the chlorophyll and sea-to-air CO2 flux in the SLD using ocean color and altimetry remote sensing data, together with other reanalysis products. We found that the occurrence of high chlorophyll concentration and sea-to-air CO2 flux happens along the pathway of the southwest monsoon current (SMC). The annual cycle of chlorophyll in the SLD has a one-month lag relative to that in the southern coast of Sri Lanka. The positive wind stress curl that forms in the SLD during the summer does not fully explain the seasonal chlorophyll maximum. Transport of the SMC, eddy activity, and associated frontal processes also play an important role in regulating the variability in chlorophyll. In the SLD, upwelled subsurface water has excess dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) relative to the conventional Redfield ratio between DIC and nutrients; thus, upwelling and sub-mesoscale processes determine this region to be a net carbon source to the atmosphere.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14143239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T21:15:52Z","timestamp":1657142152000},"page":"3239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Seasonal Variability in Chlorophyll and Air-Sea CO2 Flux in the Sri Lanka Dome: Hydrodynamic Implications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7816-5150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wentao","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1579-5948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuntao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China"}]},{"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China"},{"name":"School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}]},{"given":"Jingyuan","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6611(01)00083-0","article-title":"The monsoon circulation of the Indian Ocean","volume":"51","author":"Schott","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog. 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