{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T22:04:12Z","timestamp":1776377052252,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Slovenian Research Agency","award":["Z1-2638"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z1-2638"]}]},{"name":"Slovenian Research Agency","award":["P1-0419"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P1-0419"]}]},{"name":"Slovenian Research Agency","award":["P1-0020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P1-0020"]}]},{"name":"Slovenian Research Agency","award":["P2-0180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2-0180"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning","award":["Z1-2638"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z1-2638"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning","award":["P1-0419"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P1-0419"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning","award":["P1-0020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P1-0020"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning","award":["P2-0180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2-0180"]}]},{"name":"Municipality of Jesenice","award":["Z1-2638"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z1-2638"]}]},{"name":"Municipality of Jesenice","award":["P1-0419"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P1-0419"]}]},{"name":"Municipality of Jesenice","award":["P1-0020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P1-0020"]}]},{"name":"Municipality of Jesenice","award":["P2-0180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2-0180"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Detecting the mechanism of landslides and evaluating their dynamics is challenging, especially concerning composite landslides. For this purpose, several investigation and monitoring techniques should be implemented to obtain reliable information on landslide characteristics (e.g., geological and hydrogeological conditions and type of landslide processes), kinematics (displacement rate), and potential triggering mechanisms (e.g., change in groundwater table and precipitation). The Urbas landslide in northwest Slovenia has been studied for decades through geological, geotechnical, geodetic, and remote sensing investigations. However, due to the complexity of the landslide and the short duration of continuous monitoring, no assessment of its dynamics has been made. To meet this need, this study analysed continuous and periodic monitoring of landslide displacements using data from the global navigation satellite system (GNSS), a wire extensometer, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry, and hydrometeorological sensing (groundwater table, precipitation). The results of this study show that the dynamics of the Urbas landslide differ along the landslide area, depending on local geological and hydrogeological conditions. Consequently, certain parts of the landslide are at different evolutionary states and respond differently to the same external triggers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14143277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T07:51:56Z","timestamp":1657180316000},"page":"3277","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Recognition of Landslide Triggering Mechanisms and Dynamics Using GNSS, UAV Photogrammetry and In Situ Monitoring Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Tina","family":"Peternel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geological Survey of Slovenia, Dimi\u010deva ulica 14, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5471-7096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitja","family":"Jan\u017ea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geological Survey of Slovenia, Dimi\u010deva ulica 14, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]},{"given":"Ela","family":"\u0160egina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geological Survey of Slovenia, Dimi\u010deva ulica 14, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2264-1901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nejc","family":"Bezak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]},{"given":"Matej","family":"Ma\u010dek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1007\/s10346-016-0689-3","article-title":"Fatal landslides in Europe","volume":"13","author":"Haque","year":"2016","journal-title":"Landslides"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s10346-017-0902-z","article-title":"Landslide databases in the Geological Surveys of Europe","volume":"15","author":"Herrera","year":"2018","journal-title":"Landslides"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.5474\/geologija.2021.009","article-title":"Impact of climate change on landslides in Slovenia in the mid-21st century","volume":"64","author":"Bokal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geologija"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1007\/s10346-017-0848-1","article-title":"The variety of landslide forms in Slovenia and its immediate NW surroundings","volume":"14","author":"Popit","year":"2017","journal-title":"Landslides"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-18-2161-2018","article-title":"Global fatal landslide occurrence from 2004 to 2016","volume":"18","author":"Froude","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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