{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T08:08:26Z","timestamp":1770883706309,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42174023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42174023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42174053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42174053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021JJ30805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ30805"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020zzts175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020zzts175"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CX20200231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX20200231"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China","award":["42174023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42174023"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China","award":["42174053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42174053"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China","award":["2021JJ30805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ30805"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China","award":["2020zzts175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020zzts175"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China","award":["CX20200231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX20200231"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University","award":["42174023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42174023"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University","award":["42174053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42174053"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University","award":["2021JJ30805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ30805"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University","award":["2020zzts175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020zzts175"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University","award":["CX20200231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX20200231"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province","award":["42174023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42174023"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province","award":["42174053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42174053"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province","award":["2021JJ30805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ30805"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province","award":["2020zzts175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020zzts175"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province","award":["CX20200231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX20200231"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The fusion of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) deformation data can leverage the advantages of GNSS high temporal resolution and InSAR high spatial resolution, and obtain more abundant deformation data for constraints on geophysical structural and mechanical parameters. Existing studies seldom consider the spatial heterogeneity of largescale deformation data, which easily leads to obvious spatial aggregation of errors in the results of fusion. Here, we propose a novel multiresolution segmentation fusion (MRSF) method that uses a multiresolution segmentation algorithm to automatically classify the spatial heterogeneity of InSAR deformation data with similar deformation characteristics. We applied the MRSF method to the fusion of GNSS and InSAR deformation data covering the central valley aquifer system (CVAS) in southern California to verify its precision and robustness. Results show that the MRSF method can accurately reflect spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of displacement data and reliably estimate deformation for the times and locations of missing data. We then tested this method for geophysical parameter estimation by constructing three different sets of data, including dense GNSS sites, sparse GNSS sites, and sparse GNSS sites fused with InSAR data using MRSF, to invert the slip distribution of the Cascadia subduction zone. Results show that the inverted slip of the fused InSAR and GNSS data is comparable to that of the dense GNSS sites. Therefore, the MRSF method can obtain deformation results with high precision and high spatiotemporal resolution and effectively compensate for the lack of data caused by sparse GNSS sites during the geophysical inversion process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14143293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T00:06:21Z","timestamp":1657497981000},"page":"3293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Fusion of Spatially Heterogeneous GNSS and InSAR Deformation Data Using a Multiresolution Segmentation Algorithm and Its Application in the Inversion of Slip Distribution"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Huineng","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1606-117X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wujiao","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}]},{"given":"Hongzhi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0745-2056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7146-8776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wesley R.","family":"Neely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7294-8229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenbin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, B., Feng, G., Li, Z., Wang, Q., Wang, C., and Xie, R. 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