{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T17:25:26Z","timestamp":1777829126643,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,9]],"date-time":"2022-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","award":["OFSLRSS202001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OFSLRSS202001"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","award":["4210010673"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4210010673"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","award":["2021ZD0045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZD0045"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["OFSLRSS202001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OFSLRSS202001"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["4210010673"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4210010673"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021ZD0045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZD0045"]}]},{"name":"The Inner Mongolia Science &amp; Technology Plan","award":["OFSLRSS202001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OFSLRSS202001"]}]},{"name":"The Inner Mongolia Science &amp; Technology Plan","award":["4210010673"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4210010673"]}]},{"name":"The Inner Mongolia Science &amp; Technology Plan","award":["2021ZD0045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZD0045"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent decades, the trade-off between urbanization and vegetation dynamics has broken the balance between human activities and social-economic dimensions. Our understanding towards the complex human\u2013nature interactions, particularly the gradient of vegetation growth pattern across different city size, is still limited. Here, we selected 35 typical cities in China and classified them into five categories according to their resident population (e.g., megacities, megapolis, big cities, medium cities, and small cities). The spatial-temporal dynamics of vegetation growth for all 35 cities were inferred from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). We found that averaged NDVI for all cities slightly decreased during 2000 and 2020, at a rate of 1.6 \u00d7 10\u22124 per year. Most cities were characterized with relatively lower NDVI in urban areas than its surrounding area (determined by a series of buffer zones, i.e., 1\u201325 km outside of the city boundary). The percentage of greening pixels increased from urban area to the 25 km buffer zone at a rate of 4.7 \u00d7 10\u22124 per km. We noticed that negative impact of urbanization on vegetation growth reduced as the distance to urban area increased, with an exception for megacities (e.g., Shanghai, Beijing, and Shenzhen). In megacities and megapolis, greening pixels were more concentrated at core urban area, implying that the positive urbanization effect on vegetation growth is much more apparent. We argue that urbanization in China might facilitate vegetation growth to a certain extent, for which an appropriate urban planning such as purposeful selection of city sizes could be a scientific guidance while targeting the city\u2019s sustainable development goals in future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14143312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T00:06:21Z","timestamp":1657497981000},"page":"3312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Double Effect of Urbanization on Vegetation Growth in China\u2019s 35 Cities during 2000\u20132020"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0332-8488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lijuan","family":"Miao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8348-6477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giri Raj","family":"Kattel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"},{"name":"Department of Infrastructure Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8460-6821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qianfeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0394-7972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Dawson, R.J., Hall, J.W., Barr, S., Batty, M., Bristow, A., Carney, S., Evans, S., Ford, A., K\u00f6hler, J., and Tight, M. 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