{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T08:38:32Z","timestamp":1770539912106,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","award":["2019SHZDZX01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019SHZDZX01"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","award":["61875219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61875219"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","award":["2021ZD0301400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZD0301400"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","award":["CX-367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX-367"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019SHZDZX01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019SHZDZX01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61875219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61875219"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021ZD0301400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZD0301400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CX-367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX-367"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology of Ministry of Science and Technology of China","award":["2019SHZDZX01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019SHZDZX01"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology of Ministry of Science and Technology of China","award":["61875219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61875219"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology of Ministry of Science and Technology of China","award":["2021ZD0301400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZD0301400"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology of Ministry of Science and Technology of China","award":["CX-367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX-367"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Foundation of Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["2019SHZDZX01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019SHZDZX01"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Foundation of Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["61875219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61875219"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Foundation of Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["2021ZD0301400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZD0301400"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Foundation of Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["CX-367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX-367"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Depth-resolved information is essential for ocean research. For this study, we developed a shipborne photon-counting lidar for depth-resolved oceanic plankton observation. A pulsed fiber laser with frequency doubling to 532 nm acts as a light source, generating a single pulse at the micro-joule level with a pulse width of less than 1 ns. The receiver is capable of simultaneously detecting the elastic signal at two orthogonal polarization states, the Raman scattering from seawater, and the fluorescence signal from chlorophyll A. The data acquisition system utilizes the photon-counting technique to record each photon event, after which the backscattering signal intensity can be recovered by counting photons from multiple pulses. Benefitting from the immunity of this statistical detection method to the ringing effect of the detector and amplifier circuit, high-sensitivity and high-linearity backscatter signal measurements are realized. In this paper, we analyze and correct the after-pulse phenomenon of high-linearity signals through experiments and theoretical simulations. Through the after-pulse correction, the lidar attenuation coefficient retrieved from the corrected signal are in good agreement with the diffuse attenuation coefficients calculated from the in situ instrument, indicating the potential of this shipborne photon-counting lidar for ocean observation applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14143351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T23:02:01Z","timestamp":1657666921000},"page":"3351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["A Shipborne Photon-Counting Lidar for Depth-Resolved Ocean Observation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0908-3776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xue","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Space Active Optical-Electro Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5360-521X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Space Active Optical-Electro Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 36 Baochubei Road, Hangzhou 310012, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2051-7798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Space Active Optical-Electro Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Genghua","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Space Active Optical-Electro Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Space Active Optical-Electro Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3457","DOI":"10.3390\/rs5073457","article-title":"Subsurface Ocean Signals from an Orbiting Polarization Lidar","volume":"5","author":"Churnside","year":"2013","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Churnside, J., Marchbanks, R., Lembke, C., and Beckler, J. 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