{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T10:44:22Z","timestamp":1782729862905,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["U21A2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U21A2014"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021YFE0106700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFE0106700"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["212102110033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["212102110033"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U21A2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U21A2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFE0106700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFE0106700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["212102110033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["212102110033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Technologies R&amp;D Program of Henan Province","award":["U21A2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U21A2014"]}]},{"name":"Key Technologies R&amp;D Program of Henan Province","award":["2021YFE0106700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFE0106700"]}]},{"name":"Key Technologies R&amp;D Program of Henan Province","award":["212102110033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["212102110033"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The urban surface temperature is a complex integrated natural-human geographic phenomena; with the development of geostatistical methods and the application of multisource data, its research has gradually shifted from a single perspective to a study that integrates multiple factors such as nature and humanity. However, based on the context of the integration of natural and human factors and mutual constraints of each factor, the research on the mechanism of influence on urban habitat thermal environment needs to be further deepened. Therefore, this paper explores the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of urban surface temperature in Zhengzhou City during the summer of 2013\u20132020 from the perspective of multi-source data fusion, and uses the Geodetector model to quantitatively reveal the main influencing factors of urban surface temperature and the impact of superimposed factors on the compound effect of surface temperature. The results show that: (1) the urban thermal environment in the central of Zhengzhou city (region within the first ring) is obvious, and it is mainly concentrated in commercial and densely populated areas. (2) According to trend analysis, the northwest-southeast direction of the city continues to increase in temperature from 2013\u20132020, coupled with the direction of urban development. (3) Among the factors affecting urban surface temperature, normalized difference built-up index (NDBI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), tasseled cap wetness (TCW), and human elements are particularly typical. NDVI and TCW are strongly negatively correlated with the urban thermal environment, while NDBI and human elements are strongly positively correlated. (4) Mitigation of the urban thermal environment can start with the interaction mechanism of positive and negative factors. This study provides new ideas for the mechanism analysis of spatial and temporal evolution patterns of the urban thermal environment under multifactorial constraints, and provides suggestions and decisions for promoting green and sustainable urban development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14143411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]],"date-time":"2022-07-18T01:53:22Z","timestamp":1658109202000},"page":"3411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Explore the Mitigation Mechanism of Urban Thermal Environment by Integrating Geographic Detector and Standard Deviation Ellipse (SDE)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yifan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China"},{"name":"College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qirui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China"},{"name":"College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panpan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China"},{"name":"College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4302-3758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China"},{"name":"College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiwang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China"},{"name":"College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenkun","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China"},{"name":"College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-0742(08)60019-4","article-title":"A review on the generation, determination and mitigation of Urban Heat Island","volume":"20","author":"Rizwan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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