{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:01:31Z","timestamp":1777633291602,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,17]],"date-time":"2022-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41875182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41875182"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021AB40108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021AB40108"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021AB40137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021AB40137"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["NNNU-KLOP-K2103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNNU-KLOP-K2103"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Key R&amp;D Program","award":["41875182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41875182"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Key R&amp;D Program","award":["2021AB40108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021AB40108"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Key R&amp;D Program","award":["2021AB40137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021AB40137"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Key R&amp;D Program","award":["NNNU-KLOP-K2103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNNU-KLOP-K2103"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf at Nanning Normal University","award":["41875182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41875182"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf at Nanning Normal University","award":["2021AB40108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021AB40108"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf at Nanning Normal University","award":["2021AB40137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021AB40137"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf at Nanning Normal University","award":["NNNU-KLOP-K2103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNNU-KLOP-K2103"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, the spatiotemporal distribution and characteristics of different precipitation types (stratiform, convective, and snow) over China are analyzed using the radar mosaic images during the summer season over 4 years (from 2018 to 2021). The convective precipitation occurs most frequently along the eastern coast regions. In June, the strong convection center is located in Southern China and moves northward to Eastern China in July, while the lowest frequency occurs in August. Stratiform precipitation dominates summer precipitation over China and mainly distributes in inland regions, with the highest frequency in August. Snowfall primarily presents in the mountains and plateau regions of Western China with the frequency of occurrence around 20%. The snowfall area in July is significantly smaller than that in June and August. The convective, stratiform, and snowfall show strong diurnal variation in terms of solar standard time (LST) especially for snowfall. The convective precipitation demonstrates a bimodal pattern, with the highest peak in the afternoon (15\u201316 LST) and the secondary peak in the early morning (04\u201307 LST). Stratiform precipitation is mainly active from the afternoon to the next morning (14\u201305 LST). Snowfall is significantly more common in the nighttime (around 12%) than in the daytime (around 4%). The occurrence ratio of snowfall at midnight in July is significantly higher than that in June and August. It is expected that this study on summer precipitation over China can be used as a reference to hydrometeorological research and also to improve the understanding of radar precipitation research over China.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14143437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]],"date-time":"2022-07-18T01:53:22Z","timestamp":1658109202000},"page":"3437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Mapping the Distribution of Summer Precipitation Types over China Based on Radar Observations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2500-5863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Nanning Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanning 530001, China"},{"name":"School of Geographic Sciences and Planning, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Nanning Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanning 530001, China"},{"name":"School of Geographic Sciences and Planning, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1007\/s13351-014-3272-7","article-title":"Progress in Studies of the Precipitation Diurnal Variation over Contiguous China","volume":"28","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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