{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T09:17:47Z","timestamp":1760347067602,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]],"date-time":"2022-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G42192553","21XD1404500","TFJJ202107","G41805070","SZKT201901","cstc2019jscx-tjsbX0007","CXFZ2022P017","CXFZ2022J011","XNQYCXTD-202202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G42192553","21XD1404500","TFJJ202107","G41805070","SZKT201901","cstc2019jscx-tjsbX0007","CXFZ2022P017","CXFZ2022J011","XNQYCXTD-202202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012247","name":"Program of Shanghai Academic\/Technology Research Leader","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G42192553","21XD1404500","TFJJ202107","G41805070","SZKT201901","cstc2019jscx-tjsbX0007","CXFZ2022P017","CXFZ2022J011","XNQYCXTD-202202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G42192553","21XD1404500","TFJJ202107","G41805070","SZKT201901","cstc2019jscx-tjsbX0007","CXFZ2022P017","CXFZ2022J011","XNQYCXTD-202202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012247","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shanghai Typhoon Research Foundation","award":["G42192553","21XD1404500","TFJJ202107","G41805070","SZKT201901","cstc2019jscx-tjsbX0007","CXFZ2022P017","CXFZ2022J011","XNQYCXTD-202202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G42192553","21XD1404500","TFJJ202107","G41805070","SZKT201901","cstc2019jscx-tjsbX0007","CXFZ2022P017","CXFZ2022J011","XNQYCXTD-202202"]}]},{"name":"Chinese National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["G42192553","21XD1404500","TFJJ202107","G41805070","SZKT201901","cstc2019jscx-tjsbX0007","CXFZ2022P017","CXFZ2022J011","XNQYCXTD-202202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G42192553","21XD1404500","TFJJ202107","G41805070","SZKT201901","cstc2019jscx-tjsbX0007","CXFZ2022P017","CXFZ2022J011","XNQYCXTD-202202"]}]},{"name":"Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province in China","award":["G42192553","21XD1404500","TFJJ202107","G41805070","SZKT201901","cstc2019jscx-tjsbX0007","CXFZ2022P017","CXFZ2022J011","XNQYCXTD-202202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G42192553","21XD1404500","TFJJ202107","G41805070","SZKT201901","cstc2019jscx-tjsbX0007","CXFZ2022P017","CXFZ2022J011","XNQYCXTD-202202"]}]},{"name":"Technology Innovation and Application Development Special Program of Chongqing","award":["G42192553","21XD1404500","TFJJ202107","G41805070","SZKT201901","cstc2019jscx-tjsbX0007","CXFZ2022P017","CXFZ2022J011","XNQYCXTD-202202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G42192553","21XD1404500","TFJJ202107","G41805070","SZKT201901","cstc2019jscx-tjsbX0007","CXFZ2022P017","CXFZ2022J011","XNQYCXTD-202202"]}]},{"name":"innovation and development program of China Meteorological Administration","award":["G42192553","21XD1404500","TFJJ202107","G41805070","SZKT201901","cstc2019jscx-tjsbX0007","CXFZ2022P017","CXFZ2022J011","XNQYCXTD-202202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G42192553","21XD1404500","TFJJ202107","G41805070","SZKT201901","cstc2019jscx-tjsbX0007","CXFZ2022P017","CXFZ2022J011","XNQYCXTD-202202"]}]},{"name":"The innovation team of southwest regional meteorological center of China Meteorological Administration","award":["G42192553","21XD1404500","TFJJ202107","G41805070","SZKT201901","cstc2019jscx-tjsbX0007","CXFZ2022P017","CXFZ2022J011","XNQYCXTD-202202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G42192553","21XD1404500","TFJJ202107","G41805070","SZKT201901","cstc2019jscx-tjsbX0007","CXFZ2022P017","CXFZ2022J011","XNQYCXTD-202202"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Based on the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model and the three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) data assimilation system, this study investigates the effects of assimilation of radar reflectivity and radial velocity under different momentum control variables on the forecast of Southwest China Vortex precipitation. It is shown that the U\u2212V control variable strengthens the wind speed and vorticity to be better matching the observation, while using \u03c8\u2212\u03c7 as the control variable will produce too large increments which are unphysical. The root mean square errors (RMSE) of radar radial velocity are around 2.4 m\/s in the experiment using \u03c8\u2212\u03c7 control variables, while the RMSE are below 2 m\/s in the experiment with U\u2212V control variables. The composite reflectivity from the analysis of the U\u2212V control variables matches better with the observation than that from the analysis of the \u03c8\u2212\u03c7 control variables, i.e., the forecast rain band location under U\u2212V control variables is more accurate. \u03c8\u2212\u03c7 control variable enhances the cold high-pressure system in near surface, while the U\u2212V control variable is not significant. The water vapor flux convergence in the lower layers of the \u03c8\u2212\u03c7 control variable is overestimated leading excessive precipitation in the forecast. The Equitable Threat Score (ETS) of the U\u2212V control variable is about 0.1 higher than \u03c8\u2212\u03c7 control variable. In summary, the U\u2212V control variable is superior to the \u03c8\u2212\u03c7 control variable in terms of analysis and forecasting about Southwest China Vortex precipitation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14143460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]],"date-time":"2022-07-19T05:37:53Z","timestamp":1658209073000},"page":"3460","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Evaluate Radar Data Assimilation in Two Momentum Control Variables and the Effect on the Forecast of Southwest China Vortex Precipitation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Dongmei","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)\/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)\/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5730-1785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gangjie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)\/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)\/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China"}]},{"given":"Feifei","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)\/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)\/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030, China"},{"name":"Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610225, China"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030, China"}]},{"given":"Danhua","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Meteorological Observatory, Chongqing 401147, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s00376-015-5039-1","article-title":"Observational facts regarding the joint activities of the southwest vortex and plateau vortex after its departure from the Tibetan Plateau","volume":"33","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. 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