{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T16:43:29Z","timestamp":1784220209038,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vertical green living walls (VGWs)\u2014growing plants on vertical walls inside or outside buildings\u2014have been suggested as a nature-based solution to improve air quality and comfort in modern cities. However, as with other greenery systems (e.g., agriculture), managing VGW systems requires adequate temporal and spatial monitoring of the plants as well as the surrounding environment. Remote sensing cameras and small, low-cost sensors have become increasingly valuable for conventional vegetation monitoring; nevertheless, they have rarely been used in VGWs. In this descriptive paper, we present a first-of-its-kind remote sensing high-throughput monitoring system in a VGW workplace. The system includes low- and high-cost sensors, thermal and hyperspectral remote sensing cameras, and in situ gas-exchange measurements. In addition, air temperature, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide concentrations are constantly monitored in the operating workplace room (scientific computer lab) where the VGW is established, while data are continuously streamed online to an analytical and visualization web application. Artificial Intelligence is used to automatically monitor changes across the living wall. Preliminary results of our unique monitoring system are presented under actual working room conditions while discussing future directions and potential applications of such a high-throughput remote sensing VGW system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14143485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T22:38:50Z","timestamp":1658443130000},"page":"3485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["High-Throughput Remote Sensing of Vertical Green Living Walls (VGWs) in Workplaces"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0571-8161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Helman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil & Water Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel"},{"name":"The Advanced School for Environmental Studies, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yehuda","family":"Yungstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil & Water Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel"},{"name":"The Advanced School for Environmental Studies, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2935-6233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Mulero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil & Water Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaron","family":"Michael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil & Water Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.5751\/ES-08373-210239","article-title":"Nature-based solutions to climate change mitigation and adaptation in urban areas","volume":"21","author":"Kabisch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8935","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1606037114","article-title":"Sustainability in an urbanizing planet","volume":"114","author":"Seto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 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