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In this paper, experiments in Hong Kong were conducted to analyze and assess the performances of GPS, BDS, GLONASS, and Galileo and their combinations in water vapor tomography. Numerical results show that the number of available signal rays varies widely in the four satellite systems, and the value can be increased by the combination of satellite systems; the combinations also increase the number of voxels crossed by signal rays, but this value is not directly related to the number of available signal rays; the number and distribution of the voxels with sufficient signal rays, which most closely related to the structure of the tomographic model, show no obvious differences in the four satellite systems and their combinations. Comparative results of slant water vapor (SWV) estimated by GNSS data and water vapor density derived from radiosonde data reveal that the differences in the water vapor tomography of the four satellite systems are small, and their combinations have limited improvement in the tomographic results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14153552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T01:42:13Z","timestamp":1658713333000},"page":"3552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Assessment of the Water Vapor Tomography Based on Four Navigation Satellite Systems and Their Various Combinations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2242-7158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of South China Sea Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570203, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Spatial Information Engineering, Beijing 100038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongsen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1887-6222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of South China Sea Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570203, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15787","DOI":"10.1029\/92JD01517","article-title":"GPS meteorology: Remote sensing of atmospheric water vapor using the Global Positioning System","volume":"97","author":"Bevis","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. 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