{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T14:24:01Z","timestamp":1773843841718,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the program of the Joint Research Lab participated by Politecnico di Milano and Huawei Technologies Italia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we discuss the possibility of generating high-resolution mapping of urban (or extra-urban) environments by the application of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) processing concepts to the data collected by mm-wave automotive radars installed on-board commercial vehicles. The study is motivated by the fact that radar sensors are becoming an indispensable component of the equipment of modern vehicles, being characterized by low cost, good performance, and affordable processing; therefore, in the future, nearly every single vehicle could be potentially equipped with radar devices capable of high-resolution imaging, enabled by application of SAR processing methodologies. Throughout this paper, we aim to discuss the role of SAR imaging in the automotive context under a theoretical and experimental perspective. First, we present the resulting benefits in terms of angular resolution and signal-to-noise ratio. Then, we discuss relevant technological aspects, such as suppression of angular ambiguities, fine estimation of platform motion, and SAR processing architectures, and we present a preliminary evaluation of the required computational costs. Finally, we will present a number of experimental results based on open road campaign data acquired using an 8-channel MIMO radar at 77 GHz, considering the cases of side-looking SAR, forward SAR, and SAR imaging of moving targets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14153602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T03:21:16Z","timestamp":1658978476000},"page":"3602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Sensing the Urban Environment by Automotive SAR Imaging: Potentials and Challenges"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1229-3811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Tebaldini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5525-0491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Manzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5718-4571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario","family":"Tagliaferri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Rizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2142-7807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea Virgilio","family":"Monti-Guarnieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudio Maria","family":"Prati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7047-2455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Umberto","family":"Spagnolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7104-7015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Nicoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huawei Technologies Italia S.r.l., 20129 Segrate, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Mazzucco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huawei Technologies Italia S.r.l., 20129 Segrate, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"SAE International (2021). 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