{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T06:19:43Z","timestamp":1776838783398,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019YFE0123300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFE0123300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41602215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41602215"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41872207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41872207"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D020204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D020204"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFE0202100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFE0202100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZY2021YC008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZY2021YC008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019YFE0123300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFE0123300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41602215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41602215"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41872207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41872207"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D020204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D020204"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFE0202100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFE0202100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZY2021YC008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZY2021YC008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"China National Space Administration","award":["2019YFE0123300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFE0123300"]}]},{"name":"China National Space Administration","award":["41602215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41602215"]}]},{"name":"China National Space Administration","award":["41872207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41872207"]}]},{"name":"China National Space Administration","award":["D020204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D020204"]}]},{"name":"China National Space Administration","award":["2020YFE0202100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFE0202100"]}]},{"name":"China National Space Administration","award":["ZY2021YC008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZY2021YC008"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019YFE0123300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFE0123300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41602215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41602215"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41872207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41872207"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D020204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D020204"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFE0202100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFE0202100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZY2021YC008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZY2021YC008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"China University of Geosciences, Beijing","award":["2019YFE0123300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFE0123300"]}]},{"name":"China University of Geosciences, Beijing","award":["41602215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41602215"]}]},{"name":"China University of Geosciences, Beijing","award":["41872207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41872207"]}]},{"name":"China University of Geosciences, Beijing","award":["D020204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D020204"]}]},{"name":"China University of Geosciences, Beijing","award":["2020YFE0202100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFE0202100"]}]},{"name":"China University of Geosciences, Beijing","award":["ZY2021YC008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZY2021YC008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The landing camera (LCAM) of Chang\u2019e-4 lander provides a series of low (46 cm\/pixel) to high (2.3 cm\/pixel) resolution images, which are suitable for centimeter-scale craters. In this paper, we analyze the degradation of those small-sized craters to provide detailed information on the local geological evolution of the lunar surface. From the mosaicked descent image, 6316 craters were extracted and classified into four degradation levels based on their morphology on the image: fresh, slightly degraded, moderately degraded, and severely degraded. The ground terrain camera (TCAM) image and the DEM of the Yutu-2 panoramic camera (PCAM) validate the crater degradation levels from a qualitative and quantitative perspective, respectively. The results show that the smaller the size of the craters, the more easily they are degraded. The crater populations in equilibrium in the four study areas indicate that the cumulative size\u2013frequency distribution (SFD) slope is different from previous research results, and the smaller the craters, the more difficult to reach an equilibrium state (for craters smaller than a given size, the production rate is exactly balanced by the removal rate), which may be due to secondary cratering and surface resurfacing caused by the burial of ejecta from neighboring craters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14153608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T22:43:26Z","timestamp":1659048206000},"page":"3608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Population of Degrading Small Impact Craters in the Chang\u2019E-4 Landing Area Using Descent and Ground Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Teng","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing and Geo-Information Engineering, School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Subcenter of International Cooperation and Research on Lunar and Planetary Exploration, Center of Space Exploration, Ministry of Education of The People\u2019s Republic of China, No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ze","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing and Geo-Information Engineering, School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Subcenter of International Cooperation and Research on Lunar and Planetary Exploration, Center of Space Exploration, Ministry of Education of The People\u2019s Republic of China, No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9728-4702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhizhong","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing and Geo-Information Engineering, School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Subcenter of International Cooperation and Research on Lunar and Planetary Exploration, Center of Space Exploration, Ministry of Education of The People\u2019s Republic of China, No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongyu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics and Electricity, 104 Youyi Road, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongya","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing and Geo-Information Engineering, School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Subcenter of International Cooperation and Research on Lunar and Planetary Exploration, Center of Space Exploration, Ministry of Education of The People\u2019s Republic of China, No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yameng","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing and Geo-Information Engineering, School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Subcenter of International Cooperation and Research on Lunar and Planetary Exploration, Center of Space Exploration, Ministry of Education of The People\u2019s Republic of China, No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haomin","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing and Geo-Information Engineering, School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Subcenter of International Cooperation and Research on Lunar and Planetary Exploration, Center of Space Exploration, Ministry of Education of The People\u2019s Republic of China, No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-021-00793-z","article-title":"Overview of the Chang\u2019e-4 mission: Opening the frontier of scientific exploration of the lunar far side","volume":"217","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Space Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-019-2796-1","article-title":"Landing site topographic mapping and rover localization for Chang\u2019e-4 mission","volume":"63","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. China Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20215-y","article-title":"Lunar impact crater identification and age estimation with Chang\u2019E data by deep and transfer learning","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2021GL094931","DOI":"10.1029\/2021GL094931","article-title":"Millimeter-to Decimeter-Scale Surface Roughness of the Moon at the Chang\u2019e-4 Exploration Region","volume":"48","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2020.116666","article-title":"Centimeter-resolution topographic modeling and fine-scale analysis of craters and rocks at the Chang\u2019E-4 landing site","volume":"553","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Earth Planet. Sci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2020.114164","article-title":"Multi-scale morphologic investigation of craters in the Chang\u2019e-4 landing area","volume":"355","author":"Jia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Icarus"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E00H10","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JE003935","article-title":"How old are young lunar craters?","volume":"117","author":"Hiesinger","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Planets"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00159-013-0068-1","article-title":"On the chronology of lunar origin and evolution","volume":"21","author":"Geiss","year":"2013","journal-title":"Astron. Astrophys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L21204","DOI":"10.1029\/2009GL040353","article-title":"Mercury\u2019s geochronology revised by applying Model Production Function to Mariner 10 data: Geological implications","volume":"36","author":"Massironi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Basilevsky, A.T. (1976, January 15\u201319). On the evolution rate of small lunar craters. Proceedings of the 7th Lunar Planetary Science Conference, Houston, TX, USA."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20387","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JE001099","article-title":"Simulated degradation of lunar impact craters and a new method for age dating farside mare deposits","volume":"105","author":"Craddock","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Planets"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E10011","DOI":"10.1029\/2012JE004138","article-title":"Rates of temperature change of airless landscapes and implications for thermal stress weathering","volume":"117","author":"Molaro","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Planets"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1002\/2014JE004698","article-title":"Crater degradation on the lunar maria: Topographic diffusion and the rate of erosion on the Moon","volume":"119","author":"Fassett","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Planets"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilhelms, D.E., John, F., and Trask, N.J. (1987). The Geologic History of the Moon, USGS Professional Paper 1348.","DOI":"10.3133\/pp1348"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1002\/2015JE004860","article-title":"Size-frequency distribution of crater populations in equilibrium on the Moon","volume":"120","author":"Xiao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Planets"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10987","DOI":"10.1029\/2019GL084097","article-title":"Time-dependent production functions of lunar simple craters on layered targets with consideration of topographic degradation","volume":"46","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10171","DOI":"10.1002\/2017GL075298","article-title":"Effect of topography degradation on crater size-frequency distributions: Implications for populations of small craters and age dating","volume":"44","author":"Xie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Wood, C., Head, J., and Cintala, M. (1977, January 14\u201318). Crater degradation on Mercury and the moon-Clues to surface evolution. Proceedings of the 8th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference Proceedings, Houston, TX, USA."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022163401213","article-title":"Morphology and size\u2013frequency distribution of kilometer-scale impact craters on Callisto and Ganymede derived from Galileo data","volume":"36","author":"Ivanov","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sol. Syst. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Li, K. (2013). Study on Small-Scale Lunar Craters\u2019 Morphology and Degradation, Wuhan University."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2007.04.017","article-title":"Simulating the development of Martian highland landscapes through the interaction of impact cratering, fluvial erosion, and variable hydrologic forcing","volume":"91","author":"Howard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2013.04.027","article-title":"Lunar topographic roughness maps from Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) data: Scale dependence and correlation with geologic features and units","volume":"226","author":"Kreslavsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"Icarus"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e06113","DOI":"10.1029\/2019JE006113","article-title":"Ballistic Sedimentation of Impact Crater Ejecta: Implications for the Provenance of Lunar Samples and the Resurfacing Effect of Ejecta on the Lunar Surface","volume":"125","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Planets"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2019.05.029","article-title":"Geological characterization of the Chang\u2019e-4 landing area on the lunar farside","volume":"333","author":"Qiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Icarus"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"71","article-title":"The system of lunar craters","volume":"2","author":"Chapman","year":"1963","journal-title":"Quadr. I Comm."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2016.12.032","article-title":"An analytical model of crater count equilibrium","volume":"289","author":"Hirabayashi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Icarus"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pss.2017.05.006","article-title":"Crater density differences: Exploring regional resurfacing, secondary crater populations, and crater saturation equilibrium on the moon","volume":"162","author":"Povilaitis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Planet. Space Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2019.02.021","article-title":"The equilibrium size-frequency distribution of small craters reveals the effects of distal ejecta on lunar landscape morphology","volume":"326","author":"Minton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Icarus"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sala\u00fcn, Y., Marlet, R., and Monasse, P. (2017, January 10\u201312). Line-based robust SfM with little image overlap. Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on 3D Vision (3DV), Qingdao, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/3DV.2017.00031"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"FIDO 4-1","DOI":"10.1029\/2000JE001443","article-title":"Localization of Mars rovers using descent and surface-based image data","volume":"107","author":"Li","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Planets"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"56","article-title":"Relative Orientation and Epipolar Arrangement based on Forward Moving Image Pairs along the Optical Axis","volume":"36","author":"Kang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Geod. Cartogr. Sin."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2014.08.027","article-title":"Constraining geologic properties and processes through the use of impact craters","volume":"240","author":"Barlow","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2021.3058255","article-title":"Identification of Multiscale Spatial Structure of Lunar Impact Crater: A Semivariogram Approach","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1002\/2016JE005160","article-title":"Heterogeneous impact transport on the Moon","volume":"122","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Planets"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2020.113637","article-title":"A morphological evaluation of crater degradation on Mercury: Revisiting crater classification with MESSENGER data","volume":"341","author":"Kinczyk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Icarus"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pss.2019.104741","article-title":"Composition, mineralogy and chronology of mare basalts and non-mare materials in Von K\u00e1rm\u00e1n crater: Landing site of the Chang\u2019E\u22124 mission","volume":"179","author":"Ling","year":"2019","journal-title":"Planet. Space Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12764","DOI":"10.1029\/2019GL085252","article-title":"Topographic evolution of Von K\u00e1rm\u00e1n crater revealed by the lunar rover Yutu-2","volume":"46","author":"Di","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2009.05.032","article-title":"Elliptical structure of the lunar South Pole-Aitken basin","volume":"204","author":"Zuber","year":"2009","journal-title":"Icarus"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.14358\/PERS.86.4.247","article-title":"Topographic and Geomorphological Mapping and Analysis of the Chang\u2019E-4 Landing Site on the Far Side of the Moon","volume":"86","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2020.113645","article-title":"The minimum confidence limit for diameters in crater counts","volume":"341","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Icarus"},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Melosh, H.J. (1989). Impact Cratering: A Geologic Process, Clarendon Press."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2009.07.029","article-title":"Cratering saturation and equilibrium: A new model looks at an old problem","volume":"204","author":"Richardson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Icarus"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1029\/RS005i002p00273","article-title":"Saturation and equilibrium conditions for impact cratering on the lunar surface: Criteria and implications","volume":"5","author":"Gault","year":"1970","journal-title":"Radio Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/0019-1035(84)90138-6","article-title":"Does crater \u2018saturation equilibrium\u2019 occur in the solar system?","volume":"60","author":"Hartmann","year":"1984","journal-title":"Icarus"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2009.12.041","article-title":"Planetary surface dating from crater size\u2013frequency distribution measurements: Partial resurfacing events and statistical age uncertainty","volume":"294","author":"Michael","year":"2010","journal-title":"Earth Planet. Sci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1137\/070710111","article-title":"Power-law distributions in empirical data","volume":"51","author":"Clauset","year":"2009","journal-title":"SIAM Rev."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crater Analysis Techniques Working Group (1979). Standard techniques for presentation and analysis of crater size-frequency data. Icarus, 37, 467\u2013474.","DOI":"10.1016\/0019-1035(79)90009-5"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011989004263","article-title":"Cratering records in the Inner solar system in relation to the lunar reference system","volume":"96","author":"Neukum","year":"2001","journal-title":"Space Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Moore, H.J. (1964). Density of small craters on the lunar surface. United States Geological Survey Astrogeology Studies, Annual Program Report."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2012.05.012","article-title":"Problems determining relative and absolute ages using the small crater population","volume":"220","author":"Xiao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Icarus"},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"177","article-title":"Chang\u2019e-4 lander localization based on multi-source data","volume":"23","author":"Di","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L12201","DOI":"10.1029\/2009GL037600","article-title":"A new technique for estimating the thickness of mare basalts in Imbrium Basin","volume":"36","author":"Thomson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/15\/3608\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:58:08Z","timestamp":1760140688000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/15\/3608"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["rs14153608"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs14153608","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]}}}