{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T06:23:10Z","timestamp":1772778190595,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]],"date-time":"2022-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Major International (Regional) Joint Research Project of the NSFC","award":["42020104006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42020104006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Land subsidence is a major concern in vastly growing metropolitans worldwide. The most serious risks in this scenario are linked to groundwater extraction and urban development. Pakistan\u2019s fourth-largest city, Rawalpindi, and its twin Islamabad, located at the northern edge of the Potwar Plateau, are witnessing extensive urban expansion. Groundwater (tube-wells) is residents\u2019 primary daily water supply in these metropolitan areas. Unnecessarily pumping and the local inhabitant\u2019s excessive demand for groundwater disturb the sub-surface\u2019s viability. The Persistent Scatterer Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR) approach, along with Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery, were used to track land subsidence in Rawalpindi-Islamabad. The SARPROZ application was used to study a set of Sentinel-1 imagery obtained from January 2019 to June 2021 along descending and ascending orbits to estimate ground subsidence in the Rawalpindi-Islamabad area. The results show a significant increase (\u221225 to \u221230 mm\/yr) in subsidence from \u221269 mm\/yr in 2019 to \u221298 mm\/yr in 2020. The suggested approach effectively maps, detects, and monitors subsidence-prone terrains and will enable better planning, surface infrastructure building designs, and risk management related to subsidence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14153722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]],"date-time":"2022-08-03T23:33:01Z","timestamp":1659569581000},"page":"3722","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Monitoring Land Subsidence Using PS-InSAR Technique in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Junaid","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3920-0769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingwei","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Afaq","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"given":"M. Qasim","family":"Jan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4550","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2015.1084433","article-title":"Analysis of recent ground subsidence in the Sibari plain (Italy) by means of satellite SAR interferometry-based methods","volume":"36","author":"Bianchini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"54","article-title":"Correlating the subsidence pattern and land use in Bandung, Indonesia with both Sentinel-1\/2 and ALOS-2 satellite images","volume":"67","author":"Du","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. 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