{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T19:52:40Z","timestamp":1773949960977,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\/26222-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/26222-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\/07382-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/07382-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PQ 302706\/2019-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PQ 302706\/2019-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PQ 310042\/2021-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PQ 310042\/2021-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PQ 303502\/2019-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PQ 303502\/2019-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","award":["2019\/26222-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/26222-6"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","award":["2021\/07382-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/07382-2"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","award":["PQ 302706\/2019-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PQ 302706\/2019-4"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","award":["PQ 310042\/2021-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PQ 310042\/2021-6"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","award":["PQ 303502\/2019-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PQ 303502\/2019-3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Brazilian Savanna presents a complex agricultural dynamic and cloud cover issues; therefore, there is a need for new strategies for more detailed agricultural monitoring. Using a hierarchical classification system, we explored the Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS) dataset to detect soybean in western Bahia, Brazil. Multispectral bands (MS) and vegetation indices (VIs) from October 2021 to March 2022 were used as variables to feed Random Forest models, and the performances of the complete HLS time-series, HLSS30 (harmonized Sentinel), HLSL30 (harmonized Landsat), and Landsat 8 OLI (L8) were compared. At Level 1 (agricultural areas \u00d7 native vegetation), HLS, HLSS30, and L8 produced identical models using MS + VIs, with 0.959 overall accuracies (OA) and Kappa of 0.917. At Level 2 (annual crops \u00d7 perennial crops \u00d7 pasturelands), HLS and L8 achieved an OA of 0.935 and Kappa &gt; 0.89 using only VIs. At Level 3 (soybean \u00d7 other annual crops), the HLS MS + VIs model achieved the best performance, with OA of 0.913 and Kappa of 0.808. Our results demonstrated the potential of the new HLS dataset for medium-resolution mapping initiatives at the crop level, which can impact decision-making processes involving large-scale soybean production and agricultural sustainability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14153736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]],"date-time":"2022-08-05T02:12:39Z","timestamp":1659665559000},"page":"3736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Hierarchical Classification of Soybean in the Brazilian Savanna Based on Harmonized Landsat Sentinel Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2621-7745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taya","family":"Parreiras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geosciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-855, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7777-2445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c9dson","family":"Bolfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geosciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-855, Brazil"},{"name":"Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Agricultura Digital), Campinas 70770-901, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1498-6830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michel","family":"Chaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Space Research (INPE), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12227-010, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1296-0933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ieda","family":"Sanches","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Space Research (INPE), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12227-010, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5760-556X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edson","family":"Sano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Cerrados), Planaltina 73301-970, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Victoria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Agricultura Digital), Campinas 70770-901, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Giovana","family":"Bettiol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Cerrados), Planaltina 73301-970, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Luiz","family":"Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Meio Ambiente), Jaguari\u00fana 13820-000, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/1940082917720662","article-title":"Agricultural intensification can preserve the Brazilian Cerrado: Applying lessons from Mato Grosso and Goi\u00e1s to Brazil\u2019s last agricultural frontier","volume":"10","author":"Spera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trop. 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