{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T09:11:25Z","timestamp":1773133885207,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]],"date-time":"2022-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2021YFB3901002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFB3901002"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["41975035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41975035"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021YFB3901002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFB3901002"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41975035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41975035"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Monitoring the atmospheric CO2 columns inside and around a city is of great importance to understand the temporal\u2013spatial variation of XCO2 near strong anthropogenic emissions. In this study, we use two FTIR CO2 column measurements in Beijing (Bruker EM27\/SUN) and Xianghe (Bruker IFS 125HR) between 2019 and 2021 to investigate the differences of XCO2 between Beijing (urban) and Xianghe (suburb) in North China and to validate the OCO-2 and OCO-3 satellite XCO2 retrievals. The mean and standard deviation (std) of the \u0394XCO2 between Beijing and Xianghe (Beijing\u2013Xianghe) observed by two FTIR instruments are 0.206 \u00b1 1.736 ppm, which has a seasonal variation and varies with meteorological conditions (wind speed and wind direction). The mean and std of the XCO2 differences between co-located satellite and FTIR measurements are \u22120.216 \u00b1 1.578 ppm in Beijing and \u22120.343 \u00b1 1.438 ppm in Xianghe for OCO-2 and 0.637 \u00b1 1.594 ppm in Beijing and 1.206 \u00b1 1.420 ppm in Xianghe for OCO-3. It is found that the OCO-3 snapshot area mode (SAM) measurements can capture the spatial gradient of XCO2 between urban and suburbs well. However, the FTIR measurements indicate that the OCO-3 SAM measurements are about 0.9\u20131.4 ppm overestimated in Beijing and Xianghe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14153769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]],"date-time":"2022-08-09T04:16:55Z","timestamp":1660018615000},"page":"3769","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["CO2 in Beijing and Xianghe Observed by Ground-Based FTIR Column Measurements and Validation to OCO-2\/3 Satellite Observations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3427-5873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minqiang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRC & LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}]},{"given":"Qichen","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRC & LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Zhaonan","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRC & LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}]},{"given":"Bavo","family":"Langerock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), B-1180 Brussels, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Weidong","family":"Nan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xianghe Observatory of Whole Atmosphere, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Langfang 065400, China"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Ecological Forecasting and Remote Sensing Center, Shanghai 200030, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2366-7874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ke","family":"Che","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRC & LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Dongxu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRC & LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRC & LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRC & LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Pucai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRC & LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"IPCC (2013). 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