{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:59:01Z","timestamp":1760230741966,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]],"date-time":"2022-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Belgian Federal Public Service Economy"},{"name":"SMEs"},{"name":"Self-employed"},{"name":"Energy"},{"name":"Energy Transition Fund within the BUDDAWAK project"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A drone\u2013detector system was designed, developed, and tested for radiological monitoring. The system was tailored to perform measurements during the threat, release, and post-release phases of a nuclear or radiological event. This allows the surveillance of large areas, with an autonomy of up to 12 h, in a large range of altitudes above ground level. The detector system was optimized for gamma spectroscopy, taking into account the available payload for maximum endurance and maximum detection efficiency using \u2018PENELOPE (2018)\u2019 Monte Carlo simulations. A generic methodology was used to derive quantitative information on radioactivity levels from the raw measured gamma-ray spectra at different altitudes. Based on the methodology, it was demonstrated that the drone\u2013detector system can measure the concentration of potassium-40 (K-40) that is naturally present in the soil. These measurements complied within 30% of the soil sampling results taking into account the uncertainties. The functioning of the system was tested during test flights, which demonstrated that radionuclide identification and quantification of radioactivity concentrations are possible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14163908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T23:44:03Z","timestamp":1660607043000},"page":"3908","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Radiological Surveillance Using a Fixed-Wing UAV Platform"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3654-5243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stef","family":"Geelen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SCK CEN Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium"},{"name":"CMK, NuTeC, Nuclear Technology\u2014Faculty of Engineering Technology, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building H, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Camps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SCK CEN Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium"},{"name":"CMK, NuTeC, Nuclear Technology\u2014Faculty of Engineering Technology, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building H, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Geert","family":"Olyslaegers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SCK CEN Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Greet","family":"Ilegems","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SABCA BRUSSELS, Chauss\u00e9e de Haecht 1470, B-1130 Bruxelles, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Wouter","family":"Schroeyers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMK, NuTeC, Nuclear Technology\u2014Faculty of Engineering Technology, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building H, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2020.107148","article-title":"A Compilation of UAV Applications for Precision Agriculture","volume":"172","author":"Sarigiannidis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. 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