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However, the usability of GRACE data is severely limited by 11 months of missing data between the GRACE and GRACE Follow-on (GRACE-FO) missions. To date, several approaches have been proposed to fill this data gap in the form of spherical harmonic coefficients (an expression of the Earth\u2019s gravity field, SHCs). However, systematic analysis to reveal the characteristics and consistency of the datasets produced by these latest gap-filling techniques is yet to be carried out. Here, three SHC gap-filling products are systematically analyzed and compared: (1) Combining high\u2013low satellite-to-satellite tracking with satellite laser ranging (SLR) observations (QuantumFrontiers, QF), (2) SLR-based recovery incorporating the GRACE empirical orthogonal function decomposition model proposed by the Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation at the University of Bonn (hereafter, denoted as IGG), and (3) applying the singular spectrum analysis approach (SSA). The results show that (1) the SHCs of the QF, IGG, and SSA data are consistent up to degree 12; (2) the IGG and SSA data give similar results over the 11 gap months, but the IGG shows a faster increase in the mean ocean water mass and the SSA appears to better capture the interannual variation in the terrestrial water storage; and (3) the noise level increases significantly in the high-degree terms (l &gt; 16) of the QF data, so these data are only applicable for large-scale mass migration research. These results provide a reference for users to select a gap-filling product. Finally, we propose a new scheme based on the triple collocation method to derive a weight matrix to fuse these three datasets into a more robust solution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14163916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T23:44:03Z","timestamp":1660607043000},"page":"3916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Evaluation of the Consistency of Three GRACE Gap-Filling Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9970-0856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"An","family":"Qian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ecology and Environment, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Sanhe 065201, China"},{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Sanhe 065201, China"},{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Earthquake Disaster Prevention and Risk Assessment, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Sanhe 065201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2976-2351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuang","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ecology and Environment, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Sanhe 065201, China"},{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Earthquake Disaster Prevention and Risk Assessment, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Sanhe 065201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boli","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Sanhe 065201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangtong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ecology and Environment, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Sanhe 065201, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Spatial Information Engineering, Beijing 100038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ecology and Environment, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Sanhe 065201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10039","DOI":"10.1029\/96JB03223","article-title":"Marine gravity anomaly from Geosat and ERS 1 satellite altimetry","volume":"102","author":"Sandwell","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. 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