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However, due to the presence of clouds in satellite-borne optical imagery, it is difficult to identify aircraft using a single optical image. In this paper, a Multi-path Interactive Network (MIN) is proposed to fuse Optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images for aircraft identification on cloudy days. First, features are extracted from optical and SAR images separately by convolution backbones of ResNet-34. Second, a piecewise residual fusion strategy is proposed to reduce the effect of clouds. A plug-and-play Interactive Attention Sum-Max fusion module (IASM), is thus constructed to interact with features from multi-modal images. Moreover, multi-path IASM is designed to mix multi-modal features from backbones. Finally, the fused features are sent to the neck and head of MIN for regression and classification. Extensive experiments are carried out on the Fused Cloudy Aircraft Detection (FCAD) dataset that is constructed, and the results show the efficiency of MIN in identifying aircraft under clouds with different thicknesses.Compared with the single-source model, the multi-source fusion model MIN is improved by more than 20%, and the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14163922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T23:44:03Z","timestamp":1660607043000},"page":"3922","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Multi-Path Interactive Network for Aircraft Identification with Optical and SAR Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Quanwei","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7372-9180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhixi","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"},{"name":"Intelligent Decision and Cognitive Innovation Center of State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"},{"name":"Intelligent Decision and Cognitive Innovation Center of State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihao","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D19","DOI":"10.1029\/2003JD004457","article-title":"Calculation of radiative fluxes from the surface to top of atmosphere based on isccp and other global data sets: Refinements of the radiative transfer model and the input data","volume":"109","author":"Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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