{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:01:11Z","timestamp":1760230871887,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]],"date-time":"2022-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["31870454","41971382","41930652","1812000024462","164320H116","CAS-WX2021SF-0305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31870454","41971382","41930652","1812000024462","164320H116","CAS-WX2021SF-0305"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education","award":["31870454","41971382","41930652","1812000024462","164320H116","CAS-WX2021SF-0305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31870454","41971382","41930652","1812000024462","164320H116","CAS-WX2021SF-0305"]}]},{"name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","award":["31870454","41971382","41930652","1812000024462","164320H116","CAS-WX2021SF-0305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31870454","41971382","41930652","1812000024462","164320H116","CAS-WX2021SF-0305"]}]},{"name":"Special application demonstration project of network security and informatization of Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["31870454","41971382","41930652","1812000024462","164320H116","CAS-WX2021SF-0305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31870454","41971382","41930652","1812000024462","164320H116","CAS-WX2021SF-0305"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The rate of vegetation green-up (RVG) indicates the ability of vegetation to respond to changes in climatic conditions. Understanding long-term RVG trends can clarify the changes in how quickly the vegetation grows from dormancy to maturity with time. However, how RVG trends respond to environmental variables and variable interactions remains unknown. We examined the long-term RVG trends (1981\u20132018) over the northern extratropics and determined the influence of environment variables and interactions between variables on the RVG trends based on the Global Land Surface Satellite leaf area index and a multivariable regression considering interactions between variables (MRCI). Our results showed a persistent increase in RVG at 0.020% (8-day)\u22121 year\u22121 over the entire region. Except for shrublands (\u22120.032% (8-day)\u22121 year\u22121), RVG trends increased significantly, particularly in woody savannas (0.095% (8-day)\u22121 year\u22121) and mixed forests (0.076% (8-day)\u22121 year\u22121). The relative importance of interactive effects (RIIAE) to the RVG trends is roughly 30%. Rising CO2, enhanced vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and warming are the primary factors affecting the RVG trends, both at the pixel and the biome scales. The accelerated RVG is triggered by both rising CO2 and warming but is partially offset by increased VPD. Our findings shed light on the relative contribution of variable interactions and assessed the relationship between environmental factors and RVG trends across different biomes, hence strengthening our knowledge of vegetation spring green-up in response to global change.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14163946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T23:44:03Z","timestamp":1660607043000},"page":"3946","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Increasing Atmospheric Aridity Moderates the Accelerated Rate of Vegetation Green-Up Induced by Rising CO2 and Warming"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1929-5032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haibo","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 547100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological Construction, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fusheng","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological Construction, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3976-481X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huiyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological Construction, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7831-2333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China"},{"name":"Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 547100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jialin","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Land Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaojuan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Nanjing 210042, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1155121","article-title":"Forests and climate change: Forcings, feedbacks, and the climate benefits of forests","volume":"320","author":"Bonan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6190","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15322","article-title":"Accelerated rate of vegetation green-up related to warming at northern high latitudes","volume":"26","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glob. 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