{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T06:40:02Z","timestamp":1777531202444,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Brazilian National Institute of Semi-Arid","award":["303802\/2017-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["303802\/2017-0"]}]},{"name":"Brazilian National Institute of Semi-Arid","award":["465764\/2014-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["465764\/2014-2"]}]},{"name":"Brazilian National Institute of Semi-Arid","award":["420854\/2018-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["420854\/2018-5"]}]},{"name":"ICMBio (Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation)","award":["303802\/2017-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["303802\/2017-0"]}]},{"name":"ICMBio (Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation)","award":["465764\/2014-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["465764\/2014-2"]}]},{"name":"ICMBio (Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation)","award":["420854\/2018-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["420854\/2018-5"]}]},{"name":"ESEC-Serid\u00f3 (Ecological Station of Serid\u00f3)","award":["303802\/2017-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["303802\/2017-0"]}]},{"name":"ESEC-Serid\u00f3 (Ecological Station of Serid\u00f3)","award":["465764\/2014-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["465764\/2014-2"]}]},{"name":"ESEC-Serid\u00f3 (Ecological Station of Serid\u00f3)","award":["420854\/2018-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["420854\/2018-5"]}]},{"name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)","award":["303802\/2017-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["303802\/2017-0"]}]},{"name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)","award":["465764\/2014-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["465764\/2014-2"]}]},{"name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)","award":["420854\/2018-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["420854\/2018-5"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientifc and Technological Development (CNPq)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["303802\/2017-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["303802\/2017-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientifc and Technological Development (CNPq)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["465764\/2014-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["465764\/2014-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientifc and Technological Development (CNPq)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["420854\/2018-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["420854\/2018-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Observatory of Water and Carbon Dynamics in the Caatinga Biome","award":["303802\/2017-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["303802\/2017-0"]}]},{"name":"National Observatory of Water and Carbon Dynamics in the Caatinga Biome","award":["465764\/2014-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["465764\/2014-2"]}]},{"name":"National Observatory of Water and Carbon Dynamics in the Caatinga Biome","award":["420854\/2018-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["420854\/2018-5"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Caatinga dry forest encompasses 11% of the total continental territory of Brazil. Nevertheless, most research on the relationship between phenology and ecosystem productivity of Brazilian tropical forests is aimed at the Amazon basin. Thus, in this study we evaluated the seasonality of ecosystem productivity (gross primary production\u2014GPP) in a preserved Caatinga environment in northeast Brazil. Analyses were carried out using eddy covariance measurements and satellite-derived data from sensor MODIS (MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, MOD17 and MOD13 products). In addition to GPP, we investigated water use efficiency (WUE) and meteorological and phenological aspects through remotely sensed vegetation indices (NDVI and EVI). We verified that ecosystem productivity is limited mainly by evapotranspiration, with maximum GPP values registered in the wetter months, indicating a strong dependency on water availability. NDVI and EVI were positively associated with GPP (r = 0.69 and 0.81, respectively), suggesting a coupling between the emergence of new leaves and the phenology of local photosynthetic capacity. WUE, on the other hand, was strongly controlled by consecutive dry days and not necessarily by total precipitation amount. The vegetation indices adequately described interannual variations of the forest response to environmental factors, and GPP MODIS presented a good relationship with tower-measured GPP in dry (R2 = 0.76) and wet (R2 = 0.62) periods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14163955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T23:44:03Z","timestamp":1660607043000},"page":"3955","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Seasonal Ecosystem Productivity in a Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest (Caatinga) Using Flux Tower Measurements and Remote Sensing Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5254-489X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel Brito","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosciences Post-Graduate Program (PPG-BIO), Federal University of Western Par\u00e1 (UFOPA), Santarem 68035-110, Brazil"},{"name":"Climate Sciences Post-Graduate Program (PPGCC), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59078-970, Brazil"},{"name":"Anthropic Studies in the Amazon Post-Graduate Program (PPGEAA), Federal University of Par\u00e1, Castanhal 68740-222, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keila R\u00eago","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Climate Sciences Post-Graduate Program (PPGCC), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59078-970, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59078-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Losany Branches","family":"Viana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Engineering and Geosciences, Federal University of West Par\u00e1, Rua Vera Paz s\/n, Sal\u00e9, Santarem 68035-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriele Vieira","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biodiversity and Forests, Federal University of West Par\u00e1, Rua Vera Paz s\/n, Sal\u00e9, Santarem 68035-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7607-1727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Rodrigues","family":"Mutti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Climate Sciences Post-Graduate Program (PPGCC), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59078-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2251-7348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udio Mois\u00e9s Santos","family":"e Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Climate Sciences Post-Graduate Program (PPGCC), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59078-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bergson Guedes","family":"Bezerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Climate Sciences Post-Graduate Program (PPGCC), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59078-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7806-4096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiago Valentim","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Climate Sciences Post-Graduate Program (PPGCC), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59078-970, Brazil"},{"name":"Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte, IFRN, Natal 59628-330, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ros\u00e1ria Rodrigues","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Climate Sciences Post-Graduate Program (PPGCC), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59078-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2871-1595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiano Prestelo","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Climate Sciences Post-Graduate Program (PPGCC), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59078-970, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59078-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weber Andrade","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Climate Sciences Post-Graduate Program (PPGCC), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59078-970, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59078-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1172-6870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo Eli","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Climate Sciences Post-Graduate Program (PPGCC), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59078-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suany","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Climate Sciences Post-Graduate Program (PPGCC), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59078-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Uilhiana Gomes","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Climate Sciences Post-Graduate Program (PPGCC), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59078-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4120-9404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f4nio Celso Dantas","family":"Antonino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Energy, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50740-545, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R\u00f4mulo Sim\u00f5es C\u00e9zar","family":"Menezes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Energy, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50740-545, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/S1676-06032002000100009","article-title":"Measurements of CO2 fluxes in a Cerrado Sensu stricto in southeastern Brazil","volume":"2","author":"Rocha","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neotrop. 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