{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T21:00:04Z","timestamp":1785790804301,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFE0112300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFE0112300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pavement markings could wear out before their expected service life expires, causing traffic safety hazards. However, assessing pavement-marking conditions at the city scale was a great challenge in previous studies. In this article, we advance the method of detecting and evaluating pavement-marking defects at the city scale with Baidu Street View (BSV) images, using a case study in Nanjing. Specifically, we employ inverse perspective mapping (IPM) and a deep learning-based approach to pavement-marking extraction to make efficient use of street-view imageries. In addition, we propose an evaluation system to assess three types of pavement-marking defects, with quantitative and qualitative results provided for each image. Factors causing pavement-marking defects are discussed by mapping the spatial distribution of pavement-marking defects at the city scale. Our proposed methods are conducive to pavement-marking repair operations. Beyond this, this article can contribute to smart urbanism development by creating a new road maintenance solution and ensuring the large-scale realization of intelligent decision-making in urban infrastructure management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14164037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T23:28:41Z","timestamp":1660865321000},"page":"4037","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Automatic Detection and Assessment of Pavement Marking Defects with Street View Imagery at the City Scale"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Wanyue","family":"Kong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Ministry of Education), Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7994-6488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teng","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Ministry of Education), Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Mai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuliang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Ministry of Education), Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8922-8789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Ministry of Education), Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guonian","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Ministry of Education), Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3141\/2107-06","article-title":"Benefits of pavement markings: A renewed perspective based on recent and ongoing research","volume":"2107","author":"Carlson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transp. 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