{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:04:26Z","timestamp":1760231066874,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]],"date-time":"2022-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002367","name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XDA17010104","4157685","91752103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA17010104","4157685","91752103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XDA17010104","4157685","91752103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA17010104","4157685","91752103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The high elevation, complex topography, and unique atmospheric circulations of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) make its optical turbulence characteristics different from those in low-elevation regions. In this study, the characteristics of the atmospheric refractive index structure constant (Cn2) profiles in the Lhasa area at different strength states of the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone (ASMA) are analyzed based on precious in situ sounding data measured over the Lhasa in August 2018. Cn2 in the upper troposphere\u2013lower stratosphere fluctuates significantly within a few days during the ASMA, particularly in the upper troposphere. The effect of the ASMA on Cn2 varies among the upper troposphere, tropopause, and lower stratosphere. The stronger and closer the ASMA is to Lhasa, the more pronounced is the \u201cupper highs and lower lows\u201d pressure field structure, which is beneficial for decreasing the potential temperature lapse rate. The decrease in static stability is an important condition for developing optical turbulence, elevating the tropopause height, and reducing the tropopause temperature. However, if strong high-pressure activity occurs at the lower pressure layer, such as at 500 hPa, an \u201cupper highs and lower highs\u201d pressure field structure forms over the Lhasa, increasing the potential temperature lapse rate and suppressing the convective intensity. Being almost unaffected by low-level atmospheric high-pressure activities, the ASMA, as the main influencing factor, mainly inhibits Cn2 in the tropopause and lower stratosphere. The variations of turbulence intensity in UTLS caused by ASMA activities also have a great influence on astronomical parameters, which will have certain guiding significance for astronomical site testing and observations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14164104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T01:56:40Z","timestamp":1661133400000},"page":"4104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Optical Turbulence Characteristics in the Upper Troposphere\u2013Lower Stratosphere over the Lhasa within the Asian Summer Monsoon Anticyclone"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7251-0478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feifei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ningquan","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuebin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9959-2453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"054050","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/abf461","article-title":"Spatiotemporal characteristics of atmospheric turbulence over China estimated using operational high-resolution soundings","volume":"16","author":"Lv","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. 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