{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T21:16:12Z","timestamp":1774732572783,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["61901357"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61901357"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["U19B2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19B2015"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["21JK0774"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21JK0774"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2019ZDLSF07-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019ZDLSF07-06"]}]},{"name":"natural science special project of Shaanxi Province","award":["61901357"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61901357"]}]},{"name":"natural science special project of Shaanxi Province","award":["U19B2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19B2015"]}]},{"name":"natural science special project of Shaanxi Province","award":["21JK0774"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21JK0774"]}]},{"name":"natural science special project of Shaanxi Province","award":["2019ZDLSF07-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019ZDLSF07-06"]}]},{"name":"key R&amp;D project of Shaanxi Province","award":["61901357"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61901357"]}]},{"name":"key R&amp;D project of Shaanxi Province","award":["U19B2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19B2015"]}]},{"name":"key R&amp;D project of Shaanxi Province","award":["21JK0774"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21JK0774"]}]},{"name":"key R&amp;D project of Shaanxi Province","award":["2019ZDLSF07-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019ZDLSF07-06"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There are many unavoidable array errors in practical scenarios, which would drastically increase the sidelobe level (SLL) and distort the performance of radar systems accordingly. In this paper, an effective beampattern synthesis approach is proposed to realize a low peak sidelobe level (PSLL) and wide-nulling in the presence of array errors, thus improving the consequent performance of the radar. In particular, the covariance matrix of the sidelobe region (CMSR) is incorporated into the optimization. Considering the randomness of array errors, the statistical mean method is adopted to obtain a more accurate calculation of the CMSR in the presence of array errors based on a Monte Carlo trial. To efficiently and effectively solve the optimization problem, an advanced metaheuristic algorithm, i.e., the water cycle algorithm (WCA), is adopted when seeking the corresponding optimal weight vectors. Numerical results are provided and discussed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach including the results based on a wideband linearly spaced magneto-electric (ME) dipole array.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14174204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]],"date-time":"2022-08-30T01:37:55Z","timestamp":1661823475000},"page":"4204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["WCA-Based Low-PSLL and Wide-Nulling Beampattern Synthesis for Radar Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yanhong","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}]},{"given":"Dongyun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}]},{"given":"Anyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Bai, S., Hong, J., and Niu, Z. 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