{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T17:51:08Z","timestamp":1786038668968,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2018YFE0103800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFE0103800"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2021ND0455"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ND0455"]}]},{"name":"Research Project on Major Theoretical and Practical Problems of Philosophy and Social Sciences in Shaanxi Province","award":["2018YFE0103800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFE0103800"]}]},{"name":"Research Project on Major Theoretical and Practical Problems of Philosophy and Social Sciences in Shaanxi Province","award":["2021ND0455"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ND0455"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Urban construction land expansion damages natural ecological patches, changing the relationship between residents and ecological land. This is widespread due to global urbanization. Considering nature and society in urban planning, we have established an evaluation system for urban green space construction to ensure urban development residents\u2019 needs while considering natural resource distribution. This is to alleviate the contradiction of urban land use and realize the city\u2019s sustainable development. Taking the Fengdong New City, Xixian New Area as an example, the study used seven indicators to construct an ecological source evaluation system, four types of factors to identify ecological corridors and ecological nodes using the minimum cumulative resistance model, and a Back Propagation neural network to determine the weight of the evaluation system, constructing an urban green space ecological network. We comprehensively analyzed and retained 11 ecological source areas, identified 18 ecological corridors, and integrated and selected 13 ecological nodes. We found that the area under the influence of ecosystem functions is 12.56 km2, under the influence of ecological demands is 1.40 km2, and after comprehensive consideration is 22.88 km2. Based on the results, this paper concludes that protecting, excavating, and developing various urban greening factors do not conflict with meeting the residents\u2019 ecological needs. With consideration of urban greening factors, cities can achieve green and sustainable development. We also found that the BP neural network objectively calculates and analyzes the evaluation factors, corrects the distribution value of each factor, and ensures the validity and practicability of the weights. The main innovation of this study lies in the quantitative analysis and spatial expression of residents\u2019 demand for ecological land and the positive and negative aspects of disturbance. The research results improve the credibility and scientificity of green space construction so that urban planning can adapt and serve the city and its residents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14174213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]],"date-time":"2022-08-30T01:37:55Z","timestamp":1661823475000},"page":"4213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Urban Green Space Planning Based on Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hua","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanlong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haopeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8277-2930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pingping","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Water and Environment, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"Thinking of developing urban planning theory","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Urban Plan."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2020.126946","article-title":"Remote sensing of urban green spaces: A review","volume":"57","author":"Shahtahmassebi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Urban For. Urban Green."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2020.02.101","article-title":"Photovoltaic-green roofs: A review of benefits, limitations, and trends","volume":"202","author":"Shafique","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sol. Energy"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Puttinaovarat, S., and Horkaew, P.A. (2022). Geospatial platform for crowdsourcing green space area management using GIS and deep learning classification. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi11030208"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shafique, M., and Reeho, K. (2018). Recent progress in low-impact development in South Korea: Water-management policies, challenges and opportunities. Water, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/w10040435"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-021-01654-3","article-title":"Exploring sustainable solutions for the water environment in Chinese and Southeast Asian cities","volume":"51","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2017.01.050","article-title":"Taken for a ride? Mainstreaming periurban transport with urban expansion policies","volume":"64","author":"Narain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2018.03.017","article-title":"Diverging perceptions by social groups on cultural ecosystem services provided by urban green","volume":"175","author":"Riechers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, X.D., Wang, N., Luo, P.P., Yang, J., Zhang, J., and Lin, K. (2021). Spatiotemporal assessment of land marketization and its driving forces for sustainable urban\u2013rural development in Shaanxi Province in China. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su13147755"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2328","DOI":"10.1002\/eco.2328","article-title":"A bibliometric analysis of the research on Sponge City: Current situation and future development direction","volume":"14","author":"Zha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecohydrology"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Regional Plan Association (2015). Shaping the Region, Regional Plan Association."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.3828\/tpr.63.4.l703v67051278442","article-title":"Open space planning in London: From standards per 1000 to green strategy","volume":"63","author":"Turner","year":"1992","journal-title":"Town Plan. Rev."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"38","article-title":"Central Park New York City USA","volume":"4","author":"Tang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chin. Landsc. Archit."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/09640560701712242","article-title":"Valuing urban green space: Hypothetical alternatives and the status quo","volume":"51","author":"Bullock","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Environ. Plan. Manag."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-2046(02)00059-2","article-title":"Urban open space in the 21st century","volume":"60","author":"Thompson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Urban green spaces in Africa: Nature and challenges","volume":"4","author":"Mensah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Ecosyst."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2012.04.002","article-title":"Use of small public urban green spaces (SPUGS)","volume":"11","author":"Peschardt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Urban For. Urban Green."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2009.02.001","article-title":"Towards an integrated understanding of green space in the European built environment","volume":"8","author":"James","year":"2009","journal-title":"Urban For. Urban Green."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carreiro, M.M., Song, Y.C., and Wu, J. (2008). Benefits of Urban Green Space for Improving Urban Climate. Ecology, Planning, and Management of Urban Forests, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-71425-7"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Benedict, M.A., and McMahon, E.T. (2012). Green Infrastructure: Linking Landscapes and Communities, Island Press."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2011.05.002","article-title":"Modelling of urban green space walk ability: Eco-friendly walk score calculator","volume":"35","author":"Lwin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput. Environ. Urban Syst."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"President\u2019s Council on Sustainable Development (1999). Toward A Sustainable America: Advancing Prosperity, Opportunity and A Healthy Environment for the 21st Century."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Evert, K.J. (2001). Dictionary Landscape and Urban Planning, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-04652-4_23"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2012.10.017","article-title":"Green spaces of European cities revisited for 1990\u20132006","volume":"110","author":"Kabisch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"49","article-title":"A study on park and green space system with special reference to urban environmental protection","volume":"4","author":"Xiaoxiang","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Hortic. Sin."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"24","article-title":"People and green space","volume":"2","author":"Zhang","year":"1981","journal-title":"Environ. Prot."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"10","article-title":"From rural city to landscape gardening: The development of green space planning of human settlement environment","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"1995","journal-title":"Archit. J."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"7","article-title":"On urban green open space","volume":"6","author":"Shen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Urban Plan."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"527","article-title":"Research advance in ecosystem service of urban green space","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"37","article-title":"Reflections on urban green space planning in mountain city","volume":"29","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hum. Settl. West China"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"54","article-title":"Urban green space system planning under the background of land and space","volume":"18","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Chin. Urban For."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1080\/08941930600950938","article-title":"Raul Romero-Torres: Surgeon, teacher, and pioneer (1928\u20132005)","volume":"19","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Investig. Surg."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-2046(01)00246-8","article-title":"Mapping and analysis of changes in the riparian landscape structure of the Lockyer Valley catchment, Queensland, Australia","volume":"59","author":"Apan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Tomlinson, R. (2007). Thinking about GIS, Esri Press."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006416523955","article-title":"Maryland\u2019s green infrastructure\u2014Using landscape assessment tools to identify a regional conservation strategy","volume":"63","author":"Wolf","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/gea.10008","article-title":"Dynamic landscapes, artifact taphonomy, and land use modeling in the Western Mediterranean","volume":"17","author":"Barton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Geoarchaeol. Int. J."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1006\/jema.2000.0373","article-title":"Landscape connectivity: A conservation application of graph theory","volume":"59","author":"Bunn","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"3646","article-title":"Development and utilization of low-slope hilly land resources based on a landscape security pattern theory: A case study in Luxian County, Sichuan Province","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Ecol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"1943","article-title":"Landscape pattern optimization based on intensity of ecological function of mud flat reclamation: A case study of Dongtai County of Jiangsu Province","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin. J. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"5928","article-title":"Shangri-La county ecological land use planning based on landscape security pattern","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Ecol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"225","article-title":"Assessment on the ecological suitability in Zhuhai City, Guangdong, China, based on minimum cumulative resistance model","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin. J. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"441","article-title":"Optimizing the layout of eco-spatial structure in Guanzhong urban agglomeration based on the ecological security pattern","volume":"36","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geogr. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"421","article-title":"Research on applying minimal cumulative resistance model in urban land ecological suitability assessment: As an example of Xiamen City","volume":"30","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Ecol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"60","article-title":"Evaluation of supply and demand of green space ecosystem service function in Chengdu-Chongqing Urban agglomeration based on multi-source data","volume":"28","author":"Shao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Landsc. Archit."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12668","DOI":"10.1111\/jfr3.12668","article-title":"Impact of temporal rainfall patterns on flash floods in Hue City, Vietnam","volume":"14","author":"Mu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Flood Risk Manag."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"701","article-title":"Identification and optimization of ecological security pattern in Xiong\u2019an New Area","volume":"73","author":"Peng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Geogr. Sin."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"2298","article-title":"Establishment of an ecological security pattern in the eastern developed regions: A case study of the Sunan District","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Ecol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"1986","article-title":"Construction of Xuzhou ecological network based on comprehensive sources identification and multi-scale nesting","volume":"35","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nat. Resour."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"4720","article-title":"Recognition of urban ecological source area based on ecological security pattern and multi-scale landscape connectivity","volume":"39","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Ecol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"2358","article-title":"Urban ecological importance assessment based on ecological function and ecological demand: A case study of Changsha resources and environment in the Yangtze Basin","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Resour. Environ."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"77","article-title":"On the demand of ecological economy","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"1988","journal-title":"Econ. Res. J."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1038\/323533a0","article-title":"Learning representations by back-propagating errors","volume":"323","author":"Rumelhart","year":"1986","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"1870","article-title":"Space identification of ecological importance and protection on urban ecological land in Yanji-Longjing-Tumen Area","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Geol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"93","article-title":"Research on computation methods of AHP wight vector and its applications","volume":"42","author":"Deng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Math. Pract."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.2747\/0272-3646.33.5.457","article-title":"GEO-Environmental Suitability Evaluation of Land for Urban Construction Based on a Back-Propagation Neural Network and GIS: A Case Study of Hangzhou","volume":"33","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Phys. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"112","article-title":"Assessment of suitability of construction land based on GIS and BPNN","volume":"6","author":"Sun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Manage. Land Resour."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"Thenkabail, P.S. (2015). Remote Sensing Handbook, CRC Press."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"50","article-title":"The economic evaluation of grassland ecosystem services in Qingha-iTibet Plateau","volume":"21","author":"Xie","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Mt. Sci."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"8239","article-title":"Influence of urbanization on landscape pattern and ecosystem service value in Xi\u2019an City","volume":"40","author":"Qin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Ecol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"142","article-title":"Study on ecosystem services of Xixian new area based on land use planning","volume":"36","author":"Meng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"250","article-title":"Evolution of landscape pattern and ecological risk in Xixian new area","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Northeast For. Univ."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"1052","article-title":"Construction of landscape ecological security pattern in GUIYANG based on MCR model","volume":"25","author":"Meng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Resour. Environ. Yangtze Basin"},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"5191","article-title":"Water retention and hydrological regulation: Harmony but not the same in terrestrial hydrological ecosystem services","volume":"35","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Ecol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, Y., Luo, P., Su, F., Zhang, S., and Sun, B. (2020). Spatiotemporal analysis of hydrological variations and their impacts on vegetation in semiarid areas from multiple satellite data. Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12244177"},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"268","article-title":"Extraction of vegetation coverage in desertification regions based on the dimidiate pixel model\u2014a case study in Maowusu Sandland","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Res. Soil Water Conserv."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"26","article-title":"Sampling survey of hydraulic erosion in China","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Chin. Soil Water Conserv."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1007\/s11434-006-2006-3","article-title":"Restoring urbanization process in China in the 1990s by using non-radiance-calibrated DMSP\/OLS nighttime light imagery and statistical data","volume":"51","author":"He","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chin. Sci. Bull."},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"231","article-title":"Spatiotemporal responses of the fragmentation of green space to the human activity intensity in Zhengzhou City","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Northeast For. Univ."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2008.05.009","article-title":"Regional mapping of human settlements in Southeastern China with multisensor remotely sensed data","volume":"112","author":"Lu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"771","article-title":"Analysis of spatial heterogeneity of ecological security based on MCR model and ecological pattern optimization in the Yuexi county of the Dabie Mountain Area","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nat. Resour."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-2046(92)90060-D","article-title":"Estimating habitat isolation in landscape planning","volume":"23","author":"Knaapen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"ref_72","unstructured":"Gao, J. (2003). Principle and Simulation Example of Artificial Neural Network, China Machine Press."},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"143","article-title":"An optimization algorithm on the number of hidden layer nodes in feed-forward neural network","volume":"32","author":"Xia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"84","article-title":"Determination of the weight of evaluation indexes with artificial neural network method","volume":"20","author":"Sun","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Shandong Univ. Sci. Technol. Nat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_75","first-page":"10","article-title":"A survey of river ecosystem services value evaluation","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin. J. Popul. Resour. Environ."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147193","article-title":"Rapidly declining surface and terrestrial water resources in Central Asia driven by socio-economic and climatic changes","volume":"784","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_77","first-page":"929","article-title":"Farmland ecosystem service and its formation mechanism","volume":"17","author":"Yi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chin. J. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2013.11.016","article-title":"Green justice or just green? Provision of urban green spaces in Berlin, Germany","volume":"122","author":"Kabisch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2004.01.013","article-title":"Biodiversity and ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes\u2014Are we asking the right questions?","volume":"104","author":"Swift","year":"2004","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1007\/s11252-016-0629-y","article-title":"Coupling ecosystem services supply and human ecological demand to identify landscape ecological security pattern: A case study in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, China","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Urban Ecosyst."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(01)00289-9","article-title":"Novel algorithms for remote estimation of vegetation fraction","volume":"80","author":"Gitelson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_82","first-page":"826","article-title":"Construction of land ecological security in Guangdong province from the perspective of ecological demand","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ecol. Rural Environ."},{"key":"ref_83","first-page":"695","article-title":"The ecological stability evaluation of the landscape (case study from the eastern slovakia","volume":"1","author":"Michaeli","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. ESWTR"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2014.01.017","article-title":"Urban green space, public health, and environmental justice: The challenge of making cities \u2018just green enough\u2019","volume":"125","author":"Wolch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.02.029","article-title":"Urban green space availability in European cities","volume":"70","author":"Kabisch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4505","DOI":"10.5846\/stxb201204200574","article-title":"Intercropping enhances the farmland ecosystem services","volume":"33","author":"Su","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Ecol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao, Z., Wang, S., Luo, P., Xie, D., and Zhu, W. (2022). Watershed ecohydrological processes in a changing environment: Opportunities and challenges. Water, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/w14091502"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, S., Cao, Z., Luo, P., and Zhu, W. (2022). Spatiotemporal variations and climatological trends in precipitation indices in Shaanxi Province, China. Atmosphere, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos13050744"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, W., Wang, S., Luo, P., Zha, X., Cao, Z., Lyu, J., Zhou, M., He, B., and Nover, D. (2022). A quantitative analysis of the influence of temperature change on the extreme precipitation. Atmosphere, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos13040612"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2022.108834","article-title":"Assessment of the variation and influencing factors of vegetation NPP and carbon sink capacity under different natural conditions","volume":"112","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_91","first-page":"e01236","article-title":"Influence assessment of new Inner Tube Porous Brick with absorbent concrete on urban floods control","volume":"17","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Case Stud. Constr. Mater."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/17\/4213\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:16:04Z","timestamp":1760141764000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/17\/4213"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["rs14174213"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs14174213","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]}}}