{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:06:13Z","timestamp":1760231173467,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]],"date-time":"2022-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Space Agency ASI (Agenzia Spaziale Italiana)","award":["2019\u201316-U.0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\u201316-U.0"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The quantum technology absolute gravimeters, gradiometers, and clocks are at the forefront of the instrumentation to be exploited in a future gravity mission (the QSG mission concept). Apart from the quantum payload, the mission design defines the choice of the number of satellites and the satellite orbit constellation, with the goal of optimizing the observation of the earth\u2019s gravity field and reducing aliasing phenomena. Our goal is to define the realistic gravity field changes generated by glaciers and lakes and define the sensitivity of the quantum gravity mission for the detection of hydrologic and cryospheric mass changes. The analysis focuses on mass changes in the high mountains of Asia and the South American continent. The mass changes are based on terrestrial and satellite observations and are of a climatic origin. We show that compared to the existing GRACE-FO mission, a quantum gravity mission significantly improves the detection of the climatic mass gain of lakes and mass loss of glaciers, allowing for smaller mass features to be distinguished, and smaller mass losses to be detected. The greater signal is the seasonal signal with a yearly period, which would be detected at the 10 Gt level for areas &gt; 8000 km2. The yearly mass loss of the Patagonian glaciers can be detected at the 5 Gt\/yr level, an improvement from the 10 Gt\/yr detectable by GRACE-FO. Spatial resolution would also be improved, with an increase of about 50% in spatial frequency for the detection of the mass change rate of lakes and glaciers in Tibet. The improved spatial resolution enables an improved localization of the lakes and glaciers affected by climatic mass change. The results will contribute to defining the user requirements of the future QSG missions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14174278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T00:13:56Z","timestamp":1661904836000},"page":"4278","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sensitivity to Mass Changes of Lakes, Subsurface Hydrology and Glaciers of the Quantum Technology Gravity Gradients and Time Observations of Satellite MOCAST+"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8836-8162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommaso","family":"Pivetta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze, Universit\u00e0 di Trieste, 34128 Trieste, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7277-816X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Braitenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze, Universit\u00e0 di Trieste, 34128 Trieste, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0279-5762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Pastorutti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze, Universit\u00e0 di Trieste, 34128 Trieste, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Migliaccio, F., Braitenberg, C., Mottini, S., Rosi, G., Reguzzoni, M., Sorrentino, F., Tino, G.M., Batsukh, K., Ko\u00e7, \u00d6., and Pastorutti, A. (July, January 28). The MOCAST+ Study: Proposal of a Quantum Gravimetry Mission Integrating Atomic Clocks and Cold Atom Gradiometers. Proceedings of the IAG Scientific Assembly 2021, Beijing, China.","DOI":"10.5194\/egusphere-egu22-9568"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rossi, L., Reguzzoni, M., Ko\u00e7, \u00d6., and Migliaccio, F. (Quantum Sci. Technol. Spec. Issue Cold At. Space, 2022). Assessment of Gravity Field Recovery from a Quantum Satellite Mission with Atomic Clocks and Cold Atom Gradiometers, Quantum Sci. Technol. Spec. Issue Cold At. Space, under review.","DOI":"10.1088\/2058-9565\/aca8cc"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Migliaccio, F., Reguzzoni, M., Rosi, G., Braitenberg, C., Tino, G.M., Sorrentino, F., Mottini, S., Rossi, L., Ko\u00e7, \u00d6., and Batsukh, K. (Surv. Geophys., 2022). The MOCAST+ Study on a Quantum Gradiometry Satellite Mission with Atomic Clocks, Surv. 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Available online: https:\/\/zenodo.org\/record\/6838878#.Yw1kHNNByUk."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/17\/4278\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:20:09Z","timestamp":1760142009000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/17\/4278"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["rs14174278"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs14174278","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-4292"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]]}}}