{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T22:58:26Z","timestamp":1768085906192,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"GF-7 Project","award":["30-Y20A010-9007-17\/18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30-Y20A010-9007-17\/18"]}]},{"name":"GF-7 Project","award":["2022000351"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022000351"]}]},{"name":"GF-7 Project","award":["41871269"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41871269"]}]},{"name":"Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation and Application Research Project","award":["30-Y20A010-9007-17\/18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30-Y20A010-9007-17\/18"]}]},{"name":"Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation and Application Research Project","award":["2022000351"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022000351"]}]},{"name":"Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation and Application Research Project","award":["41871269"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41871269"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["30-Y20A010-9007-17\/18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30-Y20A010-9007-17\/18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022000351"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022000351"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41871269"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41871269"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Atmospheric conditions vary significantly in terms of the temporal and spatial scales. Therefore, it is critical to obtain atmospheric parameters synchronized with an image for atmospheric correction based on radiative transfer calculation methods. On 3 July 2020, the high resolution and multimode imaging satellite, Gao Fen Duo Mo (GFDM), which was the first civilian high-resolution remote sensing satellite equipped with the Synchronization Monitoring Atmospheric Corrector (SMAC), was launched. The SMAC is a multispectral and polarization detection device that is used to retrieve atmospheric parameters that are time-synchronized with the image sensor of GFDM in the same field-of-view. On the basis of the atmospheric parameters obtained from the SMAC, a synchronization atmospheric correction (Syn-AC) method is proposed to remove the influence of the atmosphere and the adjacency effects to retrieve the surface reflectance. The Syn-AC method was applied in the experiments of synchronous atmospheric correction for GFDM images, where the surface reflectance retrieved via the Syn-AC method was compared with the field-measured values. In addition, the classical correction method, the FLAASH, was applied in the experiments to compare its performance with that of the Syn-AC method. The results indicated that the image possessed better clarity and contrast with the blurring effect removed, and the multispectral reflectance was in agreement with the field-measured spectral reflectance. The deviations between the reflectance retrievals of Syn-AC and the field-measured values of the selected targets were within 0.0625, representing a higher precision than that of the FLAASH method (the max deviation was 0.2063). For the three sites, the mean relative error of Syn-AC was 19.3%, and the mean relative error of FLAASH was 76.6%. Atmospheric correction based on synchronous atmospheric parameters can improve the quantitative accuracy of remote sensing images, and it is meaningful for remote sensing applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14174427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T04:18:32Z","timestamp":1662610712000},"page":"4427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Synchronous Atmospheric Correction of High Spatial Resolution Images from Gao Fen Duo Mo Satellite"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Lingling","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weining","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenwei","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7795-3630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhengqiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0610-7944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weizhen","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongzheng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Meteorological Center, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenyu","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goody, R.M., and Yung, Y.L. 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