{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T14:03:50Z","timestamp":1779890630655,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002367","name":"K. C. Wong Education Foundation \u201cInternational team of Advanced Polarization Remote Sensing Technology and Application\u201d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GJTD-2018-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJTD-2018-15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Directional Polarimetric Camera (DPC) carried by the Chinese GaoFen-5-02 (GF-5-02) satellite has the ability for multiangle, multispectral, and polarization detection and will play an important role in the inversion of atmospheric aerosol and cloud characteristics. To ensure the validity of the DPC on-orbit multiangle and multispectral polarization data, high-precision image registration and geolocation are vital. High-precision geometric model parameters are a prerequisite for on-orbit image registration and geolocation. Therefore, on the basis of the multiangle imaging characteristics of DPC, an on-orbit autonomous geometric calibration method without ground reference data is proposed. The method includes three steps: (1) preprocessing the original image of the DPC and the satellite attitude and orbit parameters; (2) scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) algorithm to match homologous points between multiangle images; (3) optimization of geometric model parameters on-orbit using least square theory. To verify the effectiveness of the on-orbit autonomous geometric calibration method, the image registration performance and relative geolocation accuracy before and after DPC on-orbit geometric calibration were evaluated and analyzed using the SIFT algorithm and the coastline crossing method (CCM). The results show that the on-orbit autonomous geometric calibration effectively improves the DPC image registration and relative geolocation accuracy. After on-orbit calibration, the multiangle image registration accuracy is better than 1.530 km, the multispectral image registration accuracy is better than 0.650 km, and the relative geolocation accuracy is better than 1.275 km, all reaching the subpixel level (&lt;1.7 km).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14184548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T04:05:41Z","timestamp":1663041941000},"page":"4548","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["On-Orbit Autonomous Geometric Calibration of Directional Polarimetric Camera"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Guangfeng","family":"Xiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optical Calibration and Characterization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binghuan","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optical Calibration and Characterization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bihai","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optical Calibration and Characterization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5547-7461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuefeng","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optical Calibration and Characterization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingrui","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optical Calibration and Characterization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optical Calibration and Characterization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donggen","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optical Calibration and Characterization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optical Calibration and Characterization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1109\/MGRS.2019.2927687","article-title":"The Advanced Hyperspectral Imager: Aboard China\u2019s GaoFen-5 Satellite","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-56488-9_17","article-title":"Technical Characteristics and Application of Visible and Infrared Multispectral Imager","volume":"Volume 7","author":"Urbach","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium of Space Optical Instruments and Applications"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2020.2998729","article-title":"First Level 1 Product Results of the Greenhouse Gas Monitoring Instrument on the GaoFen-5 Satellite","volume":"59","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, M., Si, F., Zhou, H., Jiang, Y., Ji, C., Wang, S., Zhan, K., and Liu, W. (2021). Pre-Launch Radiometric Characterization of EMI-2 on the GaoFen-5 Series of Satellites. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13142843"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jqsrt.2018.11.024","article-title":"Polarimetric remote sensing of atmospheric aerosols: Instruments, methodologies, results, and perspectives","volume":"224","author":"Dubovik","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38638","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.405834","article-title":"Polarization measurement accuracy analysis and improvement methods for the directional polarimetric camera","volume":"28","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13187","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.391078","article-title":"Pre-flight calibration of a multi-angle polarimetric satellite sensor directional polarimetric camera","volume":"28","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3309","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.410768","article-title":"Non-uniformity calibration method of space-borne area CCD for directional polarimetric camera","volume":"29","author":"Yao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7042","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.58.007042","article-title":"Directional polarimetric camera stray light analysis and correction","volume":"58","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1515\/aot-2018-0040","article-title":"Absorbing Aerosol Sensor on Gao-Fen 5B satellite","volume":"7","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Opt. Technol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jqsrt.2020.107179","article-title":"Cloud thermodynamic phase detection using a directional polarimetric camera (DPC)","volume":"253","author":"Shang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jqsrt.2018.07.003","article-title":"Directional Polarimetric Camera (DPC): Monitoring aerosol spectral optical properties over land from satellite observation","volume":"218","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, H., Ma, J., Ahmad, S., Sun, E., Li, C., Li, Z., and Hong, J. (2019). Three-Dimensional Cloud Structure Reconstruction from the Directional Polarimetric Camera. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11242894"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1117\/12.185253","article-title":"POLDER: A wide field-of-view instrument for earth-polarized observation","volume":"2209","author":"Durieux","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1117\/12.221357","article-title":"Preflight calibration of the POLDER instrument","volume":"2553","author":"Andre","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1117\/12.243226","article-title":"POLDER level-1 processing algorithms","volume":"2758","author":"Hagolle","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5435","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.46.005435","article-title":"PARASOL in-flight calibration and performance","volume":"46","author":"Fougnie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jqsrt.2018.07.008","article-title":"The multi-viewing multi-channel multi-polarisation imager\u2014Overview of the 3MI polarimetric mission for aerosol and cloud characterization","volume":"219","author":"Fougnie","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"1580","article-title":"Development of On-orbit Geometric Calibration for High Resolution Optical Remote Sensing Satellite","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geo. Spat. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4391","DOI":"10.3390\/rs6054391","article-title":"On-Orbit Geometric Calibration Model and Its Applications for High-Resolution Optical Satellite Imagery","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Z., and Tang, Q. (2016, January 6\u20138). Camera Self-Calibration Based on Multiple View Images. Proceedings of the 2016 Nicograph International (NicoInt), Hanzhou, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/NicoInt.2016.16"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Hemayed, E.E. (2003, January 21\u201322). A survey of camera self-calibration. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance, Miami, FL, USA."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2002.1033217","article-title":"Camera self-calibration from unknown planar structures enforcing the multiview constraints between collineations","volume":"24","author":"Malis","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18164","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.19.018164","article-title":"Full-automatic self-calibration of color digital cameras using color targets","volume":"19","year":"2011","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"543","article-title":"Pleiades-HR innovative techniques for geometric image quality commissioning","volume":"XXXIX-B1","author":"Greslou","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISPRS Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2018.2814205","article-title":"A New On-Orbit Geometric Self-Calibration Approach for the High-Resolution Geostationary Optical Satellite GaoFen4","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, G., Xu, K., Zhang, Q., and Li, D. (2018). Correction of Pushbroom Satellite Imagery Interior Distortions Independent of Ground Control Points. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10010098"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, G., Deng, M., Cai, C., and Zhao, R. (2019). Geometric Self-Calibration of YaoGan-13 Images Using Multiple Overlapping Images. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19102367"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"537","article-title":"Pleiades system architecture and main performances. ISPRS Int. Arch. Photogramm","volume":"XXXIX-B1","author":"Gleyzes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2008.08.004","article-title":"A novel method for adjusting CCD camera in geometrical calibration based on a two-dimensional turntable","volume":"121","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Optik"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1080\/09500340.2020.1871521","article-title":"Geometric calibration method based on Euler transformation for a large field of view polarimetric imager","volume":"67","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mod. Opt."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.59.000226","article-title":"Geometric calibration method based on a two-dimensional turntable for a directional polarimetric camera","volume":"59","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000029664.99615.94","article-title":"Distinctive image features from scale-invariant keypoints","volume":"60","author":"Lowe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vis."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lowe, D.G. (1999, January 20\u201327). Object recognition from local scale-invariant features. Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, Kerkyra, Greece.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.1999.790410"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1145\/358669.358692","article-title":"Random Sample Consensus: A Paradigm for Model Fitting with Applications to Image Analysis and Automated Cartography","volume":"24","author":"Fischler","year":"1981","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Jeffrey, J.D., and Dean, B.G. (2022, April 23). Global Multi-Resolution Terrain Elevation Data 2010 (GMTED2010). U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011\u20131073, Available online: https:\/\/pubs.er.usgs.gov\/publication\/ofr20111073."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7989","DOI":"10.1029\/96JB00104","article-title":"A global self-consistent, hierarchical, high resolution shoreline database","volume":"101","author":"Wessel","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth"},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Hoffman, L.F., Weaver, W.L., and Kibler, J.F. (1981). Calculation and Accuracy of ERBE Scanner Measurement Locations, NASA Technical Paper 2670."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4933","DOI":"10.1002\/2015JD024278","article-title":"Characterization of geolocation accuracy of Suomi NPP Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder measurements","volume":"121","author":"Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2015.2458851","article-title":"Estimation and Correction of Geolocation Errors in FengYun-3C Microwave Radiation Imager Data","volume":"54","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1986.4767851","article-title":"A Computational Approach to Edge Detection","volume":"8","author":"Canny","year":"1986","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/18\/4548\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:29:42Z","timestamp":1760142582000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/18\/4548"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["rs14184548"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs14184548","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]]}}}