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Macau","award":["0042\/2018\/A2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0042\/2018\/A2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lunar cryptomare records both early-stage mare volcanisms and large-scale impact cratering, which can provide important information about the thermal evolution of the Moon. We built a mixing dielectric constant model to represent the cryptomare deposits mixed by highland debris and mare deposits, and the proper radiative transfer simulation was constructed to evaluate the thermal emission features of surface deposits in the cryptomare region. The microwave radiometer (MRM) data in the Balmer-Kapteyn region were extracted, and the linear interpolation method was used to generate brightness temperature (TB) maps at noon and at night. To enhance the correlation between cryptomare deposits and TB performances, normalized TB (nTB) and TB difference (dTB) maps were also generated. Combined with the datasets, including Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Wide Angle Camera, Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter, and Diviner and Clementine UV\u2013VIS, the main findings are as follows: (1) The mare-like cryptomare deposits were discovered and identified according to the nTB and dTB performances. Combined with the surface compositions, at least two kinds of buried mare deposits were identified in the B-K region, which erupted during different episodes. (2) A construct-like volcanic feature was suggested by the nTB and dTB performances. (3) The results of our analysis indicated the presence of materials with low dTB anomalies in the northern and southwestern parts of the cryptomare region and in the mare unit within the Vendelinus crater, which illustrates the heterogeneity of the lunar crust in the vertical direction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14184556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T04:05:41Z","timestamp":1663041941000},"page":"4556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["New Insights into Surface Deposits in the Balmer-Kapteyn Cryptomare Region Provided by Chang\u2019E-2 Microwave Radiometer Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Tianqi","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geoexploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4598-087X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiguo","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geoexploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5026-6937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Planetary Environmental and Astrobiological Research Laboratory, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingsong","family":"Ping","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep-Space Exploration, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6954-7691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhanchuan","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4306-5213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0802-5929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuegang","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geoexploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9244-8464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanzhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep-Space Exploration, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(92)90183-J","article-title":"Lunar mare volcanism: Stratigraphy, eruption conditions, and the evolution of secondary crusts","volume":"56","author":"Head","year":"1992","journal-title":"Geochim. 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