{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T17:14:39Z","timestamp":1784222079673,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42101414"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42101414"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51704205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51704205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201901D111074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201901D111074"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province","award":["42101414"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42101414"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province","award":["51704205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51704205"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province","award":["201901D111074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201901D111074"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biomass is important in monitoring global carbon storage and the carbon cycle, which quickly and accurately estimates forest biomass. Precision forestry and forest modeling place high requirements on obtaining the individual parameters of various tree species in complex stands, and studies have included both the overall stand and individual trees. Most of the existing literature focuses on calculating the individual tree species\u2019 biomass in a single stand, and there is little research on calculating the individual tree biomass in complex stands. This paper calculates the individual tree biomass of various tree species in complex stands by combining multispectral and light detection and ranging (LIDAR) data. The main research steps are as follows. First, tree species are classified through multispectral data combined with field investigations. Second, multispectral classification data are combined with LIDAR point cloud data to classify point cloud tree species. Finally, the divided point cloud tree species are used to compare the diameter at breast height (DBH) and height of each tree species to calculate the individual tree biomass and classify the overall stand and individual measurements. The results show that under suitable conditions, it is feasible to identify tree species through multispectral classification and calculate the individual tree biomass of each species in conjunction with point-cloud data. The overall accuracy of identifying tree species in multispectral classification is 52%. Comparing the DBH of the classified tree species after terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and unmanned aerial vehicle laser scanning (UAV-LS) to give UAV-LS+TLS, the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) is 0.87 and the root-mean-square error (RMSE) is 10.45. The CCC and RMSE are 0.92 and 1.41 compared with the tree height after UAV-LS and UAV-LS+TLS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14194715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T23:07:55Z","timestamp":1663888075000},"page":"4715","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Biomass Calculations of Individual Trees Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Multispectral Imagery and Laser Scanning Combined with Terrestrial Laser Scanning in Complex Stands"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6900-6425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xugang","family":"Lian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geomatics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geomatics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2493-0694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wu","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Land Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunping","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Land Space Surveying and Planning Center of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linlin","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geomatics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"},{"name":"School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanwen","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geomatics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quanyi","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geomatics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longfei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geomatics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geomatics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haodi","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geomatics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geomatics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lifan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geomatics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geomatics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hember, R., and Kurz, W. 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