{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T17:12:55Z","timestamp":1772298775379,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42171363"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42171363"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41971299"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41971299"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41804166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41804166"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021SHZDZX0100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021SHZDZX0100"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["19511132101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19511132101"]}]},{"name":"Top Discipline Plan of Shanghai Universities-Class I","award":["42171363"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42171363"]}]},{"name":"Top Discipline Plan of Shanghai Universities-Class I","award":["41971299"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41971299"]}]},{"name":"Top Discipline Plan of Shanghai Universities-Class I","award":["41804166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41804166"]}]},{"name":"Top Discipline Plan of Shanghai Universities-Class I","award":["2021SHZDZX0100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021SHZDZX0100"]}]},{"name":"Top Discipline Plan of Shanghai Universities-Class I","award":["19511132101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19511132101"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project","award":["42171363"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42171363"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project","award":["41971299"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41971299"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project","award":["41804166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41804166"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project","award":["2021SHZDZX0100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021SHZDZX0100"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project","award":["19511132101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19511132101"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology Project","award":["42171363"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42171363"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology Project","award":["41971299"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41971299"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology Project","award":["41804166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41804166"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology Project","award":["2021SHZDZX0100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021SHZDZX0100"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology Project","award":["19511132101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19511132101"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to the complicated terrain and extreme illumination condition in the lunar south polar region, topography has an impact on the reflectance of the area. This may result in the misinterpretation of the properties of the lunar surface. Therefore, an image obtained across Shackleton Crater by the Multi-band Imager (MI) onboard the first Japanese lunar orbiter SELENE (SELenological and ENgineering Explorer) was utilized to evaluate the topographic effect on the reflectance of the polar region. Three methods\u2014i.e., b correction, C correction, and Minnaert correction\u2014were applied to the MI image to reduce the topographic effect. It was found that the reflectance result of C correction suffers from overcorrection. The topographic effect is enlarged, rather than suppressed, in the reflectance derived with Minnaert correction. Comparatively, b correction is the more appropriate method for the topographic correction of the MI image across the study area. The reflectance of the sunlit slope of the crater wall in the study area decreased by ~60%. The reflectance of the area outside of the crater, with a gentler slope compared to the crater wall, decreased by ~20%. Meanwhile, according to the correlation of the cosine of the local solar incidence angle and the corrected reflectance, the topographic effect was seemingly not completely eliminated in the MI image. However, by analyzing the spectral absorption features of the 1250 nm band, we can attribute this \u201cresidual\u201d effect to the different compositions inside and outside of Shackleton Crater, most likely caused by a high concentration of plagioclase. Topographic correction of the MI images over NASA candidate landing regions was also conducted. The results suggest that the topographic effect can contribute significantly to the reflectance of the sunlit slopes, and should not be neglected in the analysis of the reflectance images. This study highlights the topographic impact on the reflectance of the lunar south pole\u2019s surface. In addition, our results also suggest that the compositional differences under various terrains should be considered in the evaluation of the topographic correction of specific regions, such as Shackleton Crater\u2019s inner walls.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14194739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T23:07:55Z","timestamp":1663888075000},"page":"4739","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Topographic Correction of the SELENE MI Images with the LOLA DEM around Shackleton Crater"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xiaoxue","family":"Ke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7565-2124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory for Planetary Mapping and Remote Sensing for Deep Space Exploration, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"}]},{"given":"Jinhuan","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"}]},{"given":"Yuting","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"}]},{"given":"Xiong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory for Planetary Mapping and Remote Sensing for Deep Space Exploration, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"}]},{"given":"Yongjiu","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory for Planetary Mapping and Remote Sensing for Deep Space Exploration, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory for Planetary Mapping and Remote Sensing for Deep Space Exploration, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5941-0763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shijie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory for Planetary Mapping and Remote Sensing for Deep Space Exploration, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory for Planetary Mapping and Remote Sensing for Deep Space Exploration, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8907","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1802345115","article-title":"Direct evidence of surface exposed water ice in the lunar polar regions","volume":"115","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. 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