{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:13:41Z","timestamp":1760231621065,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NSFC","award":["62063005","41564006","41264006","40905012","41174129","41474130","121RC535","20164163","2019150","YSBR-018","2019150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62063005","41564006","41264006","40905012","41174129","41474130","121RC535","20164163","2019150","YSBR-018","2019150"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation provide by Hainan Province","award":["62063005","41564006","41264006","40905012","41174129","41474130","121RC535","20164163","2019150","YSBR-018","2019150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62063005","41564006","41264006","40905012","41174129","41474130","121RC535","20164163","2019150","YSBR-018","2019150"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["62063005","41564006","41264006","40905012","41174129","41474130","121RC535","20164163","2019150","YSBR-018","2019150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62063005","41564006","41264006","40905012","41174129","41474130","121RC535","20164163","2019150","YSBR-018","2019150"]}]},{"name":"Youth Team in Basic Research Field, Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["62063005","41564006","41264006","40905012","41174129","41474130","121RC535","20164163","2019150","YSBR-018","2019150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62063005","41564006","41264006","40905012","41174129","41474130","121RC535","20164163","2019150","YSBR-018","2019150"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["62063005","41564006","41264006","40905012","41174129","41474130","121RC535","20164163","2019150","YSBR-018","2019150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62063005","41564006","41264006","40905012","41174129","41474130","121RC535","20164163","2019150","YSBR-018","2019150"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Based on the established LIDAR chain along the 120\u00b0E meridian in China, the gravity wave (GW) activity between 80 and 105 km and the seasonal behavior of temporal and spatial spectra at Beijing, Hefei and Hainan were studied with three years of continued observations. The averaged GW-induced atmospheric density perturbations are near 6%, which in summer are obviously larger than in winter. The semiannual maxima occur near the solstice and the minimum emerges around the equinox at different latitudes. Besides, as a disparity, the density perturbation of GW is still active considerably in winter at low latitude at Hainan. The spectra of vertical wave number Fa(m) and observed frequency Fa(\u03c9) show power law shapes, of which the average is near \u22123 and \u22121.7, respectively, and both spectra with special values all exhibit similar seasonal behavior as the atmospheric density perturbations shows. This behavior is explained by multiple effects possibly originating from Tibet plateau (TP) and the main GW source in China was roughly calculated by the LIDAR observation method for the first time located at the TP boundary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14194798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T03:30:37Z","timestamp":1664335837000},"page":"4798","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gravity Wave Parameters and Their Seasonal Variations Study near 120\u00b0E China Based on Na LIDAR Observations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xu","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physics & Electronics Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, CAS, Beijing 100011, China"},{"name":"China-Brazil Joint Laboratory for Space Weather, CAS, Sao Jose dos Campos 12227-010, Brazil"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, Haikou 571158, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guotao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, CAS, Beijing 100011, China"},{"name":"China-Brazil Joint Laboratory for Space Weather, CAS, Sao Jose dos Campos 12227-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulo Prado","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Space Research, INPE, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12227-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jihong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, CAS, Beijing 100011, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9065-2122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vania F.","family":"Andrioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China-Brazil Joint Laboratory for Space Weather, CAS, Sao Jose dos Campos 12227-010, Brazil"},{"name":"National Institute for Space Research, INPE, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12227-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuewu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, CAS, Beijing 100011, China"},{"name":"China-Brazil Joint Laboratory for Space Weather, CAS, Sao Jose dos Campos 12227-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lifang","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, CAS, Beijing 100011, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiemin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physics & Electronics Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, Haikou 571158, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physics & Electronics Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, Haikou 571158, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zelong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1029\/95GL01984","article-title":"Gravity wave momentum flux in the lower stratosphere over convection","volume":"22","author":"Alexander","year":"1995","journal-title":"Geophys. 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