{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:13:19Z","timestamp":1760231599418,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Croatian Science Foundation","award":["IP-2020-02-3531","04-UBS-U-0002\/22-90"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IP-2020-02-3531","04-UBS-U-0002\/22-90"]}]},{"name":"Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014\u20132021","award":["IP-2020-02-3531","04-UBS-U-0002\/22-90"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IP-2020-02-3531","04-UBS-U-0002\/22-90"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Me\u0111imurje region (North Croatia), situated between the Drava and Mura rivers with a slightly elevated hilly area, can be generally characterized as a low-seismicity area. However, macroseismic observations from historical and recent earthquakes indicate that some localities in this region are more prone to damage than others. Significant damage and the observed higher intensities in the Me\u0111imurje region after the historical earthquakes of 1738 MLm5.1 (Me\u0111imurje) and 1880 ML6.3 (Zagreb), and events that occurred in the instrumental era, 1938 ML5.6 (Koprivnica), 1982 ML4.5 (Ivanec), and the most recent 2020 ML5.5 Zagreb and 2020 ML6.2 Petrinja earthquakes, point to the influence of local site effects. There is a reasonable indication that these earthquakes involved several localized site effects that could explain the increased intensity of half a degree or even up to one degree at certain localities compared to macroseismic modeling for rock condition. To better understand the influence of local site effects in the Me\u0111imurje region, the single-station microtremor Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) method for subsurface characterization was used. Based on individual measurements, microzonation maps were derived for the Me\u0111imurje region to better understand the behavior of ground motion and the influence of local site conditions in comparison to macroseismic intensities and past damage observations. Several local site effects could be interpreted as a main contribution to site amplification and resonance effects due to variations in deep soft-deposit thicknesses overlayed on hard deposits and directional variations in topographical areas that could localize earthquake damage patterns. Correlations of microtremor analysis with intensity observations from historical earthquakes as well with recent earthquakes could help to distinguish local site zones prone to the possible occurrence of higher earthquake damage from nearby and distant earthquakes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14194831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T03:30:37Z","timestamp":1664335837000},"page":"4831","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Analysis of Local Site Effects in the Me\u0111imurje Region (North Croatia) and Its Consequences Related to Historical and Recent Earthquakes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1829-0862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davor","family":"Stanko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geotechnics, Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering, University of Zagreb, HR-42000 Vara\u017edin, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}]},{"given":"Ivica","family":"Sovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seismological Survey, Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}]},{"given":"Nikola","family":"Beli\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology, Croatian Geological Survey, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1836-4809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Snje\u017eana","family":"Marku\u0161i\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Herak, M., Allegretti, I., Herak, D., Ivan\u010di\u0107, I., Kuk, V., Mari\u0107, K., Marku\u0161i\u0107, S., and Sovi\u0107, I. (2022, July 12). Seismic Hazard Map of Croatia for a Return Period of 475-years. Available online: http:\/\/seizkarta.gfz.hr\/hazmap\/."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tecto.2008.12.005","article-title":"Seismicity and earthquake focal mechanisms in North-Western Croatia","volume":"465","author":"Herak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1785\/0220190304","article-title":"The Me\u0111imurje (Croatia) earthquake of 1738","volume":"91","author":"Herak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Seismol. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"139","article-title":"Strong earthquakes in SR Croatia (\u2265 VI\u00b0MCS) (In Croatian Ja\u010di potresi \u2265 VI\u00b0MCS u SR Hrvatskoj)","volume":"19","year":"1966","journal-title":"Geolo\u0161ki Vjesn."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3121.1996.tb00728.x","article-title":"Revision of the earthquake catalogue and seismicity of Croatia, 1908\u20131992","volume":"8","author":"Herak","year":"1996","journal-title":"Terra Nova"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marku\u0161i\u0107, S., Stanko, D., Korbar, T., Beli\u0107, N., Penava, D., and Kordi\u0107, B. (2020). The Zagreb (Croatia) M5.5 Earthquake on 22 March 2020. Geosciences, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/geosciences10070252"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marku\u0161i\u0107, S., Stanko, D., Penava, D., Ivan\u010di\u0107, I., Bjelotomi\u0107 Or\u0161uli\u0107, O., Korbar, T., and Sarhosis, V. (2021). Destructive M6.2 Petrinja Earthquake (Croatia) in 2020\u2014Preliminary Multidisciplinary Research. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13061095"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1093\/gji\/ggac123","article-title":"Environmental effects and seismogenic source characterization of the December 2020 earthquake sequence near Petrinja, Croatia","volume":"230","author":"Baize","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geophys. J. Int."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Amico, S. (2013). Speedy Techniques to Evaluate Seismic Site Effects in Particular Geomorphologic Conditions: Faults, Cavities, Landslides and Topographic Irregularities. Engineering Seismology, Geotechnical and Structural Earthquake Engineering, Intech Open. [1st ed.]. Chapter 5.","DOI":"10.5772\/3361"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"231","article-title":"Das Erdbeben von Klana im Jahre 1870","volume":"Volume 11","author":"Stur","year":"1871","journal-title":"Jahrbuch Der Kaiserlich-K\u00f6niglichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1193\/1.1585493","article-title":"The Mexico Earthquake of September 19, 1985\u2014A Theoretical Investigation of Large- and Small-Scale Amplification Effects in the Mexico City Valley","volume":"4","author":"Bard","year":"1988","journal-title":"Earthq. Spectra"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-1951(93)90262-I","article-title":"Local site effects on weak and strong ground motion","volume":"218","author":"Aki","year":"1993","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3208\/sandf1972.31.1","article-title":"Principal Geotechnical Aspects of the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake","volume":"31","author":"Seed","year":"1991","journal-title":"Soils Found."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s10518-009-9121-x","article-title":"HVSR of ambient noise in Ston (Croatia)\u2014comparison with theoretical spectra and with the damage distribution after the 1996 Ston-Slano earthquake","volume":"8","author":"Herak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bull. Earthq. Eng."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enggeo.2007.01.008","article-title":"Microtremor HVSR study for assessing site effects in the Bovec basin (NW Slovenia) related to 1998 Mw5.6 and 2004 Mw5.2 earthquakes","volume":"91","author":"Gosar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eng. Geol"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stanko, D., Marku\u0161i\u0107, S., Gazdek, M., Sankovi\u0107, V., Slukan, I., and Ivan\u010di\u0107, I. (2019). Assessment of the seismic site amplification in the city of Ivanec (NW part of Croatia) using the microtremor HVSR method and equivalent-linear site response analysis. Geosciences, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/geosciences9070312"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"25","article-title":"A method for dynamic characteristics estimation of subsurface using microtremor on the ground surface","volume":"30","author":"Nakamura","year":"1989","journal-title":"Q. Rep. Railw. Tech. Res. Inst."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geothermics.2014.07.009","article-title":"Evolution of the Pannonian basin and its geothermal resources","volume":"53","author":"Musitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geothermics"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2775","DOI":"10.1007\/s00531-020-01927-4","article-title":"Miocene syn-rift evolution of the North Croatian Basin (Carpathian\u2013Pannonian Region): New constraints from Mts. Kalnik and Po\u017ee\u0161ka gora volcaniclastic record with regional implications","volume":"109","author":"Brlek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpetgeo.2018.01.026","article-title":"Sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Neogene rift-type North Croatian Basin (Pannonian Basin System, Croatia): A review","volume":"Volume 91","year":"2018","journal-title":"Marine and Petroleum Geology"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1007\/s00531-011-0695-6","article-title":"Paleogeographic evolution of the Southern Pannonian Basin: 40Ar\/ 39Ar age constraints on the Miocene continental series of Northern Croatia","volume":"101","author":"Mandic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.4154\/gc.2021.06","article-title":"Tidal deposits in the early miocene central paratethys: The vu\u010dji jarek and \u010cemernica members of the macelj formation (NW Croatia)","volume":"74","author":"Wacha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geol. Croat."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/ter.12273","article-title":"Changing seas in the Early\u2013Middle Miocene of Central Europe: A Mediterranean approach to Paratethyan stratigraphy","volume":"29","author":"Sant","year":"2017","journal-title":"Terra Nova"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"75","article-title":"The Central Paratethys palaeoceanography: A water circulation model based on microfossil proxies, climate, and changes of depositional environment","volume":"9","author":"Less","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Geol. Slovaca"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1515\/geoca-2018-0017","article-title":"Towards better correlation of the Central Paratethys regional time scale with the standard geological time scale of the Miocene Epoch","volume":"69","author":"Jamrich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Geol. Carpathica"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s00015-008-1247-3","article-title":"The Alpine-Carpathian-Dinaridic orogenic system: Correlation and evolution of tectonic units","volume":"101","author":"Schmid","year":"2008","journal-title":"Swiss J. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604388","DOI":"10.3389\/feart.2021.604388","article-title":"Database of Active Faults in Slovenia: Compiling a New Active Fault Database at the Junction Between the Alps, the Dinarides and the Pannonian Basin Tectonic Domains","volume":"9","author":"Atanackov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1007\/s005310000176","article-title":"Neogene-quaternary structures in the border zone between Alps, Dinarides and Pannonian Basin (Hrvatsko zgorje and Karlovac basins, Croatia)","volume":"90","author":"Csontos","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"GKRH (2009). Geolo\u0161ka karta Republike Hrvatske (Geological Map of the Republic of Croatia) scale 1:300.000, Hrvatski Geolo\u0161ki Institut (Croatian Geological Survey). 1 sheet."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Mio\u010d, P., and Markovi\u0107, S. (1998). Basic Geological Map of the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Slovenia 1:100 000, Sheet \u010cakovec, Institut za Geolo\u0161ka Istra\u017eivanja, Zagreb i In\u0161titut za Geologijo, Geotehniko in Geofiziko."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Markovi\u0107, S., and Mio\u010d, P. (1988). Basic Geological Map of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia 1:100 000, Sheet Nagykanizsa, Federal Geological Institute."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Rman, N., Kun, E., Samard\u017ei\u0107, N., \u0160ram, D., Atanackov, J., Marki\u010d, M., Lapanje, A., Rajver, D., Selmeczi, I.S., and Maros, G. (2022, July 12). A Joint Report on Geomanifestations in the Pannonian basin, Deliverable 4.2 of the GeoConnect3D Horizon 2020 Project. Available online: https:\/\/repository.europe-geology.eu\/egdidocs\/geoconnect3d\/geoconnect3d_d42_joint+report+on+geomanifestation.pdf."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Mio\u010d, P., and Markovi\u0107, S. (1998). Basic Geological Map of the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Slovenia 1:100 000, Sheet \u010cakovec, Explanatory Notes, Institut za Geolo\u0161ka Istra\u017eivanja, Zagreb i In\u0161titut za Geologijo, Geotehniko in Geofiziko."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Markovi\u0107, S., and Mio\u010d, P. (1989). Basic Geological Map of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia 1:100 000, Sheet Nagykanizsa, Explanatory Notes, Federal Geological Institute."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"51","article-title":"Identification of tectonically active areas using DEM: A quantitative morphometric analysis of Mt. Medvednica, NW Croatia","volume":"58","author":"Trenc","year":"2013","journal-title":"Geol. Q."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"87","article-title":"Seismicity of Croatia in the period 2002\u20132005","volume":"23","author":"Herak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Geofizika"},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Ki\u0161pati\u0107, M. (1891). Potresi u Hrvatskoj, Rad JAZU. (In Croatian)."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Torbar, J. (1882). Report on the Zagreb Earthquake of November 9, 1880, JAZU. (In Croatian)."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.15233\/gfz.2021.38.2","article-title":"Earthquakes of 1838 and 1839 in the Slovene Hills (Slovenia)\u2014Me\u0111imurje (Croatia) area","volume":"38","author":"Herak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geofizika"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tecto.2016.05.018","article-title":"Explaining anisotropic macroseismic fields in terms of fault zone attenuation\u2014A simple model","volume":"680","author":"Sovic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-1951(84)90153-7","article-title":"The correlation between the macroseismic attenuation trend and the geo-structural framework; The Calabro-peloritan Arc an example","volume":"108","author":"Bottari","year":"1984","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00140429","article-title":"Influence of Local Geological Conditions on the Macroseismic Effects in the Town of Strazhitz","volume":"3","author":"Michailov","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards"},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Shebalin, N.V., Karnik, V., and Hadzievski, D. (1974). Atlas of isoseismal maps, UNPD-UNESCO survey of the seismicity of the Balkan region. Catalogue of Earthquakes, Unesco. Part III."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marku\u0161i\u0107, S., Stanko, D., Penava, D., Trajber, D., and \u0160ali\u0107, R. (2021). Preliminary Observations on Historical Castle Trako\u0161\u0107an (Croatia) Performance under Recent ML \u2265 5.5 Earthquakes. Geosciences, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/geosciences11110461"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S0267-7261(02)00031-3","article-title":"Validation through HVSR measurements of a method for the quick detection of site amplification effects from intensity data: An application to a seismic area in Northern Italy","volume":"22","author":"Mucciarelli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1193\/121916eqs245m","article-title":"Rapid Post-Earthquake Microtremor Measurements for Site Amplification and Shear Wave Velocity Profiling in Kathmandu, Nepal","volume":"33","author":"Molnar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Earthq. Spectra"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enggeo.2018.10.008","article-title":"Using ambient noise to characterise seismic slope response: The case of Qiaozhuang peri-urban hillslopes (Sichuan, China)","volume":"246","author":"Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eng. Geol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enggeo.2014.05.010","article-title":"What we can learn about slope response to earthquakes from ambient noise analysis: An overview","volume":"182","author":"Muscillo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eng. Geol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-8-751-2008","article-title":"Detection of directivity in seismic site response from microtremor spectral analysis","volume":"8","author":"Coccia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Bard, P., Duval, A., Koehler, A., and Rao, S. (2022, July 12). Guidelines for the Implementation of the H\/V Spectral Ratio Technique on Ambient Vibrations Measurements, Processing and Interpretation, Available online: http:\/\/sesame.geopsy.org\/Papers\/HV_User_Guidelines.pdf."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3715","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-020-04152-z","article-title":"An empirical relationship between resonance frequency, bedrock depth and VS30 for Croatia based on HVSR forward modelling","volume":"103","author":"Stanko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1093\/gji\/ggu014","article-title":"Empirical evidence of local seismic effects at sites with pronounced topography: A systematic approach","volume":"197","author":"Burjanek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geophys. J. Int."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enggeo.2013.04.009","article-title":"Microtremors\u2019 HVSR and its correlation with surface geology and damage observed after the 2010 Maule earthquake (Mw 8.8) at Talca and Curico, Central Chile","volume":"161","author":"Leyton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eng. Geol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3187","DOI":"10.1007\/s10518-015-9767-5","article-title":"A large scale ambient vibration survey in the area damaged by May-June 2012 seismic sequence in Emilia Romagna, Italy","volume":"13","author":"Paolucci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bull. Earthq. Eng."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4937","DOI":"10.1007\/s10518-022-01386-z","article-title":"Single-path ground motion amplifications during the 2020 Haenam, South Korea, swarm","volume":"20","author":"Kwak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bull. Earthq. Eng."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3389\/fbuil.2019.00018","article-title":"Simplified formulations for estimating the main frequencies of ancient masonry churches","volume":"5","author":"Lopez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Built Environ."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-012-0138-0","article-title":"Determination of masonry building fundamental frequencies in five Slovenian towns microtremor excitation and implications for seismic risk assessment","volume":"62","author":"Gosar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-015-5185-x","article-title":"Seismic response and vulnerability of historical Trako\u0161\u0107an Castle, Croatia using HVSR method","volume":"75","author":"Stanko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Brki\u0107, \u017d., Larva, O., Tamara, M., and Doli\u0107, M. (2009). Resursna Osnova za Pitku i Geotermalnu Vodu u Me\u0111imurskoj \u017dupaniji (Resource Base for Drinking and Geothermal Water in Me\u0111imurje County), Hrvatski Geolo\u0161ki Institut (Croatian Geological Survey). Internal report No. 024\/07."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0860061964","article-title":"Nonlinear Soil Response-A Reality?","volume":"86","author":"Beresnev","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"Laku\u0161i\u0107, S., and Atali\u0107, J. (2021, January 22\u201324). Petrinja M6.2 earthquake in 2020 damaged also solid linear infrastructure: Are there similar active faults in Croatia?. Proceedings of the 1st Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 1CroCEE, Zagreb, Croatia."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"(2004). CEN-Eurocode 8: Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance\u2014Part 1: General Rules, Seismic Actions and Rules for Buildings. Standard No. EN 1998-1: 2004. [Authority: The European Union per Regulation 305\/2011, Directive 98\/34\/EC, Directive 2004\/18\/EC]."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1785\/0120120008","article-title":"A nonlinear site-amplification model for the next pan-European ground-motion prediction equations","volume":"103","author":"Sandikkaya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-020-00089-0","article-title":"Exceptional ground motion during the shallow Mw 4.92019 Le Teil earthquake, France","volume":"2","author":"Causse","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun Earth Environ."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s10950-020-09962-z","article-title":"Reference soil condition for intensity prediction equations derived from seismological and geophysical data at seismic stations","volume":"25","author":"Panzera","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Seismol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1007\/s10950-021-09990-3","article-title":"Evaluation of macroseismic intensity, strong ground motion pattern and fault model of the 19 July 2019 Mw5.1 earthquake west of Athens","volume":"25","author":"Kouskouna","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Seismol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1785\/0120070231","article-title":"Ambient noise measurements for preliminary site-effects characterization in the Urban area of Florence, Italy","volume":"98","author":"Picozzi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1080\/19386362.2018.1431354","article-title":"Evaluation of landslides using ambient noise measurements (case study: Nargeschal landslide)","volume":"14","author":"Rezaei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Geotech. Eng."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000088","article-title":"Influence of Rock Depth on Seismic Site Classification for Shallow Bedrock Regions","volume":"14","author":"Anbazhagan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Natural Hazards Review"},{"key":"ref_70","unstructured":"Pehlivan, M., Park, D., Sadiq, S., and Hashash, Y.M.A. (2017, January 17\u201322). Seismic site response of shallow sites in moderate seismicity regions. Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, ICSMGE 2017, Seoul, Korea. Available online: https:\/\/experts.illinois.edu\/en\/publications\/seismic-site-response-of-shallow-sites-in-moderate-seismicity-reg."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"147","article-title":"Semi-empirical estimation of the Zagreb ML5.5 earthquake (2020) ground motion amplification by 1-D equivalent linear site response analysis","volume":"38","author":"Padovan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geofizika"}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/19\/4831\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:40:50Z","timestamp":1760143250000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/19\/4831"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["rs14194831"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs14194831","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-4292"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]]}}}