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Ecological water conveyance (EWC) projects have emerged globally to restore the ecology of terminal lakes. However, there remains a lack of qualitative evaluation of the benefits of EWC on terminal lakes. This study compared the Taitema Lake Basin with the Aral Sea Basin in Central Asia, representative of terminal lake basins with and without EWC, respectively. The results show that the water area of Taitema Lake increased by 7.23 km2\/year due to EWC (2000\u20132019), whereas that of the Aral Sea Basin decreased by 98.21% over the entire process of natural evolution (1972\u20132019). Land use changes before and after the EWC (1990\u20132019) included an increase and decrease in desert land and water bodies in the Aral Sea Basin, and a decrease and increase in desert land and arable land in the Tarim River Basin, respectively. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and actual evaporation (ETa) are the main factors influencing the change in the water area of the Aral Sea Basin with the changing environment, while EWC is the main factor influencing the change in the water area of Taitema Lake. The results confirm that EWC is a feasible measure for achieving ecological restoration of a terminal lake watershed in an arid area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14194842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T22:53:19Z","timestamp":1664405599000},"page":"4842","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Ecological Assessment of Terminal Lake Basins in Central Asia under Changing Landscape Patterns"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1391-1252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9456-0065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Research Centre for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Sino-Belgian Joint Laboratory of Geo-Information, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaixuan","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Laboratory of Lake Environment and Resources in Arid Zone, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiuyun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Laboratory of Lake Environment and Resources in Arid Zone, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6202-6722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4823","DOI":"10.1002\/2014WR016869","article-title":"Water management: Current and future challenges and research directions","volume":"51","author":"Cosgrove","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Resour. 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