{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T03:39:51Z","timestamp":1789616391834,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Youth Science Foundation of China","award":["61605243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61605243"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Most background suppression algorithms are weakly robust due to the complexity and fluctuation of the star image\u2019s background. In this paper, a background suppression algorithm for stray lights in star images is proposed, which is named BSC-Net (Background Suppression Convolutional Network) and consist of two parts: \u201cBackground Suppression Part\u201d and \u201cForeground Retention Part\u201d. The former part achieves background suppression by extracting features from various receptive fields, while the latter part achieves foreground retention by merging multi-scale features. Through this two-part design, BSC-Net can compensate for blurring and distortion of the foreground caused by background suppression, which is not achievable in other methods. At the same time, a blended loss function of smooth_L1&amp;Structure Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) is introduced to hasten the network convergence and avoid image distortion. Based on the BSC-Net and the loss function, a dataset consisting of real images will be used for training and testing. Finally, experiments show that BSC-Net achieves the best results and the largest Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) improvement in different backgrounds, which is fast, practical and efficient, and can tackle the shortcomings of existing methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14194852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T22:53:19Z","timestamp":1664405599000},"page":"4852","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["BSC-Net: Background Suppression Algorithm for Stray Lights in Star Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yabo","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on ATR, College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaodong","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on ATR, College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on ATR, College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaitie","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on ATR, College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4163-9842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on ATR, College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s00159-006-0003-9","article-title":"Optical Surveys for Space Debris","volume":"14","author":"Schildknecht","year":"2007","journal-title":"Astron. 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