{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T15:45:53Z","timestamp":1784389553005,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"International Space Water Cycle Observation Constellation Program","award":["183311KYSB20200015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["183311KYSB20200015"]}]},{"name":"third batch of Fengyun-3 meteorological satellite projects","award":["183311KYSB20200015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["183311KYSB20200015"]}]},{"name":"National Satellite Meteorological Center Youth Talent Fund","award":["183311KYSB20200015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["183311KYSB20200015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Accurate measurement of the radiative properties of clouds and aerosols is of great significance to global climate change and numerical weather prediction. The multi-angle polarization imager (MAPI) onboard the Fengyun-3 precipitation satellite, planned to be launched in 2023, will provide the multi-angle, multi-shortwave infrared (SWIR) channels and multi-polarization satellite observation of clouds and aerosols. MAPI operates in a non-sun-synchronized inclined orbit and provides images with a spatial resolution of 3 km (sub-satellite) and a swath of 700 km. The observation channels of the MAPI include 1030 nm, 1370 nm, and 1640 nm polarization channels and corresponding non-polarization channels, which provide observation information from 14 angles. In-flight radiometric and polarimetric calibration strategies are introduced, aiming to achieve radiometric accuracy of 5% and polarimetric accuracy of 2%. Simulation experiments show that the MAPI has some unique advantages of characterizing clouds and aerosols. For cloud observation, the polarization phase functions of the 1030 nm and 1640 nm around the scattering angle of a cloudbow show strong sensitivity to cloud droplet radius and effective variance. In addition, the polarized observation of the 1030 nm and 1640 nm has a higher content of information for aerosol than VIS-NIR. Additionally, the unique observation geometry of non-sun-synchronous orbits can provide more radiometric and polarization information with expanded scattering angles. Thus, the multi-angle polarization measurement of the new SWIR channel onboard Fengyun-3 can optimize cloud phase state identification and cloud microphysical parameter inversion, as well as the retrieval of aerosols. The results obtained from the simulations will provide support for the design of the next generation of polarized imagers of China.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14194855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T04:09:36Z","timestamp":1664424576000},"page":"4855","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Shortwave Infrared Multi-Angle Polarization Imager (MAPI) Onboard Fengyun-3 Precipitation Satellite for Enhanced Cloud Characterization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Haofei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite (FYSIC), Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7115-1389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite (FYSIC), Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dekui","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Infrared Detecting and Imaging Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7795-3630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhengqiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing, Aerospace Information Re-Search Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huazhe","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanlie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite (FYSIC), Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite (FYSIC), Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songyan","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite (FYSIC), Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuqing","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite (FYSIC), Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1016\/S0273-1177(03)00734-8","article-title":"Review of capabilities of multi-angle and polarization cloud measurements from POLDER","volume":"33","author":"Parol","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv. 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