{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T12:54:27Z","timestamp":1770728067251,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDA28060200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA28060200"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["42122003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42122003"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["Y202016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y202016"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["72221002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72221002"]}]},{"name":"National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars","award":["XDA28060200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA28060200"]}]},{"name":"National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars","award":["42122003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42122003"]}]},{"name":"National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars","award":["Y202016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y202016"]}]},{"name":"National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars","award":["72221002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72221002"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDA28060200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA28060200"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["42122003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42122003"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["Y202016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y202016"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["72221002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72221002"]}]},{"name":"Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["XDA28060200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA28060200"]}]},{"name":"Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42122003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42122003"]}]},{"name":"Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["Y202016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y202016"]}]},{"name":"Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["72221002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72221002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Soil moisture (SM), as a crucial variable in the soil\u2013vegetation\u2013atmosphere continuum, plays an important role in the terrestrial water cycle. Analyzing SM\u2019s variation and driver factors is crucial to maintaining ecosystem diversity on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and ensuring food security as well as water supply balance in developing countries. Gradual wetting of the soil has been detected and attributed to precipitation in this area. However, there is still a gap in understanding the potential mechanisms. It is unclear whether the greening, glacier melting, and different vegetation degradation caused by asymmetrical climate change and intensified human activities have significantly affected the balance of SM. Here, to test the hypothesis that heterogeneous SM caused by precipitation was subject to temperatures and anthropogenic constraints, GLDAS-2.1 (Global Land Data Assimilation System-2.1) SM products combined with the statistical downscaling and Geographic detectors were applied. The results revealed that: (1) Seasonal SM gradually increased (p &lt; 0.05), while SM deficit frequently appeared with exposure to extreme climates, such as in the summer of 2010 and 2013, and changed into a pattern of precipitation transport to western dry lands in autumn. (2) There was a synergistic reaction between greening and local moisture in autumn. SM was dominated by low temperature (TMN) in winter, warming indirectly regulated SM by exacerbating the thawing of glaciers and permafrost. The spatial coupling between the faster rising rate of TMN and the frozen soil might further aggravate the imbalance of SM. (3) The land cover\u2019s mutual transformation principally affected SM in spring and autumn, and degradation accelerated the loss of SM replenished by precipitation. (4) Land cover responses were different; SM in grassland was less affected by external disturbance, while degraded woodland and shrub performed adaptive feedback under dry environments, SM increased by 0.05 and 0.04 m3\/(m3 10a), respectively. Our research provides a scientific basis for improving hydrological models and developing vegetation restoration strategies for long-term adaptation to TP-changing environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14194862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T23:09:29Z","timestamp":1664492969000},"page":"4862","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Evaluating the Effects of Climate Change and Human Activities on the Seasonal Trends and Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Moisture"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ermei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0751-6857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yujie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2806-1601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qinghua","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-17-0009.1","article-title":"A new research approach for observing and characterizing land-atmosphere feedback","volume":"99","author":"Wulfmeyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bull. 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