{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:15:14Z","timestamp":1760231714379,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]],"date-time":"2022-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41864005","42004134","ZDYF2021GXJS040","2019RC202","422RC667","183311KYSB20200003","2019150","YSBR-018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41864005","42004134","ZDYF2021GXJS040","2019RC202","422RC667","183311KYSB20200003","2019150","YSBR-018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Scientific Projects of Hainan Province","award":["41864005","42004134","ZDYF2021GXJS040","2019RC202","422RC667","183311KYSB20200003","2019150","YSBR-018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41864005","42004134","ZDYF2021GXJS040","2019RC202","422RC667","183311KYSB20200003","2019150","YSBR-018"]}]},{"name":"international Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["41864005","42004134","ZDYF2021GXJS040","2019RC202","422RC667","183311KYSB20200003","2019150","YSBR-018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41864005","42004134","ZDYF2021GXJS040","2019RC202","422RC667","183311KYSB20200003","2019150","YSBR-018"]}]},{"name":"Specialized Research Fund for State Key Laboratories","award":["41864005","42004134","ZDYF2021GXJS040","2019RC202","422RC667","183311KYSB20200003","2019150","YSBR-018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41864005","42004134","ZDYF2021GXJS040","2019RC202","422RC667","183311KYSB20200003","2019150","YSBR-018"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["41864005","42004134","ZDYF2021GXJS040","2019RC202","422RC667","183311KYSB20200003","2019150","YSBR-018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41864005","42004134","ZDYF2021GXJS040","2019RC202","422RC667","183311KYSB20200003","2019150","YSBR-018"]}]},{"name":"Youth Team in Basic Research Field","award":["41864005","42004134","ZDYF2021GXJS040","2019RC202","422RC667","183311KYSB20200003","2019150","YSBR-018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41864005","42004134","ZDYF2021GXJS040","2019RC202","422RC667","183311KYSB20200003","2019150","YSBR-018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Based on long-term lidar (light detection and ranging) observations at Yanqing (40.5\u00b0N, 116\u00b0E) and Pingquan (41\u00b0N, 118.7\u00b0E), cloud events occurred in the vicinity of the stratopause above Beijing were reported for the first time. These events occurred with tenuous and sparse layers within the altitude range of 33\u201365 km, and the maximum VBSC value ranged from 1\u00d710\u221210m\u22121sr\u22121 to 5.5\u00d710\u22129m\u22121sr\u22121. Considering temperature and water vapor measurements from SABER\/TIMED, the occurrence mechanism of these lidar-observed cloud events was examined. It was found that some cloud layers resulted from the nucleation of water vapor due to the local meteorological changes in the middle atmosphere, while other lidar-observed clouds could comprise floating clusters of cosmic dust, hydrate droplets, volcanic ash, space traffic exhaust, etc. These cloud events are rare cloud-like phenomena in the middle atmosphere observed by lidars at midlatitudes in China; they differ from NLCs and PSCs in terms of altitude distribution and seasonal variation, and the relevant microphysics processes behind their occurrence are likely meaningful to meteorology at midlatitudes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14194938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T03:07:28Z","timestamp":1665371248000},"page":"4938","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clouds in the Vicinity of the Stratopause Observed with Lidars at Midlatitudes (40.5\u201341\u00b0N) in China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Shaohua","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuru","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianchun","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weipeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuhao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faquan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0885-3377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuchang","family":"Xun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiyao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuewu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guotao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Hainan National Field Science Observation and Research Observatory for Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Straka, J.M. 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