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This results in a large amount of noise in the lidar return signal. To reduce noise and extract a useful signal, a novel denoising method combined with variational modal decomposition (VMD), the sparrow search algorithm (SSA) and singular value decomposition (SVD) is proposed. The SSA is used to optimize the number of decomposition layers K and the quadratic penalty factor \u03b1 values of the VMD algorithm. Some intrinsic mode function (IMF) components obtained from the VMD-SSA decomposition are grouped and reconstructed according to the interrelationship number selection criterion. Then, the reconstructed signal is further denoised by combining the strong noise-reduction ability of SVD to obtain a clean lidar return signal. To verify the effectiveness of the VMD-SSA-SVD method, the method is compared and analysed with wavelet packet decomposition, empirical modal decomposition (EMD), ensemble empirical modal decomposition (EEMD), and adaptive noise-complete ensemble empirical modal decomposition (CEEMD), and its noise-reduction effect is considerably improved over that of the other four methods. The method can eliminate the complex noise in the lidar return signal while retaining all the details of the signal. The signal is not distorted, the waveform is smoother, and far-field noise interference can be suppressed. The denoised signal is closer to the real signal with higher accuracy, which shows the feasibility and the practicality of the proposed method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14194960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T03:07:28Z","timestamp":1665371248000},"page":"4960","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["A Novel Lidar Signal-Denoising Algorithm Based on Sparrow Search Algorithm for Optimal Variational Modal Decomposition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zhiyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, North Minzu University, North Wenchang Road, Yinchuan 750021, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Remote Sensing of Ningxia Province, North Wenchang Road, Yinchuan 750021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, North Minzu University, North Wenchang Road, Yinchuan 750021, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Remote Sensing of Ningxia Province, North Wenchang Road, Yinchuan 750021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7381-4476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiandong","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, North Minzu University, North Wenchang Road, Yinchuan 750021, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Remote Sensing of Ningxia Province, North Wenchang Road, Yinchuan 750021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, North Minzu University, North Wenchang Road, Yinchuan 750021, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Remote Sensing of Ningxia Province, North Wenchang Road, Yinchuan 750021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, North Minzu University, North Wenchang Road, Yinchuan 750021, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Remote Sensing of Ningxia Province, North Wenchang Road, Yinchuan 750021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, North Minzu University, North Wenchang Road, Yinchuan 750021, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Remote Sensing of Ningxia Province, North Wenchang Road, Yinchuan 750021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.44.001077","article-title":"Antinoise approximation of the lidar signal with wavelet neural networks","volume":"44","author":"Fang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. 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