{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T06:53:48Z","timestamp":1768719228558,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]],"date-time":"2022-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Sustainable Access to Atmospheric Research Facilities (ATMO ACCESS) and the Aerosol, Clouds, and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure Implementation (ACTRIS IMP) Projects","award":["CIR01_00015-PER-ACTRIS-IT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIR01_00015-PER-ACTRIS-IT"]}]},{"name":"the Sustainable Access to Atmospheric Research Facilities (ATMO ACCESS) and the Aerosol, Clouds, and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure Implementation (ACTRIS IMP) Projects","award":["2595 del 24.12.2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2595 del 24.12.2019"]}]},{"name":"Potenziamento della componente italiana della Infrastruttura di Ricerca Aerosol, Clouds, and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure-Rafforzamento del capitale umano","award":["CIR01_00015-PER-ACTRIS-IT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIR01_00015-PER-ACTRIS-IT"]}]},{"name":"Potenziamento della componente italiana della Infrastruttura di Ricerca Aerosol, Clouds, and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure-Rafforzamento del capitale umano","award":["2595 del 24.12.2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2595 del 24.12.2019"]}]},{"name":"Ricerca e Innovazione 2015\u20132017","award":["CIR01_00015-PER-ACTRIS-IT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIR01_00015-PER-ACTRIS-IT"]}]},{"name":"Ricerca e Innovazione 2015\u20132017","award":["2595 del 24.12.2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2595 del 24.12.2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, characterization of the optical and microphysical properties of extremely fresh biomass burning aerosol is presented. This work aims to characterize, for the first time to our knowledge, freshly formed smoke particles observed only a few minutes after they were emitted from a nearby forest fire. The smoke particles were detected by combining passive (sun-photometer) and active (Raman lidar) techniques. On 14 August 2021, an EARLINET (European Aerosol Research Lidar Network) multi-wavelength Raman lidar and a co-located AERONET sun-photometer in Potenza, South Italy, observed an extremely fresh smoke plume. The lidar measurements, carried out from 22:27 to 02:16 UTC, revealed a thick biomass burning layer below 2.7 km. The particle depolarization ratio at 532 nm was 0.025, and lidar ratios at 355 and 532 nm were, respectively, 40 and 38 sr. The mean value of the \u00c5ngstr\u00f6m exponent was 1.5. The derived size distribution was bimodal with a peak at 0.13 \u00b5m, an effective radius mean value of 0.15 \u00b5m, and a single scattering albedo of 0.96 at all wavelengths. The real part of the refractive index was 1.58 and the imaginary was 0.006. The AERONET measurements at 5:34 UTC confirmed the lidar measurements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14194984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T03:07:28Z","timestamp":1665371248000},"page":"4984","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Characterization of Extremely Fresh Biomass Burning Aerosol by Means of Lidar Observations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Benedetto","family":"De Rosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche\u2014Istituto di Metodologie per l\u2019Analisi Ambientale CNR-IMAA, 85050 Potenza, Italy"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Amato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche\u2014Istituto di Metodologie per l\u2019Analisi Ambientale CNR-IMAA, 85050 Potenza, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5722-3430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aldo","family":"Amodeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche\u2014Istituto di Metodologie per l\u2019Analisi Ambientale CNR-IMAA, 85050 Potenza, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6627-2517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"D\u2019Amico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche\u2014Istituto di Metodologie per l\u2019Analisi Ambientale CNR-IMAA, 85050 Potenza, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8301-1319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Dema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche\u2014Istituto di Metodologie per l\u2019Analisi Ambientale CNR-IMAA, 85050 Potenza, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6709-8370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo","family":"Falconieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche\u2014Istituto di Metodologie per l\u2019Analisi Ambientale CNR-IMAA, 85050 Potenza, Italy"}]},{"given":"Aldo","family":"Giunta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche\u2014Istituto di Metodologie per l\u2019Analisi Ambientale CNR-IMAA, 85050 Potenza, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7758-2166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pilar","family":"Gum\u00e0-Claramunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche\u2014Istituto di Metodologie per l\u2019Analisi Ambientale CNR-IMAA, 85050 Potenza, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8453-7942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Kampouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IAASARS, National Observatory of Athens, 10560 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Meteorology and Climatology, School of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}]},{"given":"Stavros","family":"Solomos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IAASARS, National Observatory of Athens, 10560 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Research Centre for Atmospheric Physics and Climatology, Academy of Athens, 10680 Athens, Greece"}]},{"given":"Michail","family":"Mytilinaios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche\u2014Istituto di Metodologie per l\u2019Analisi Ambientale CNR-IMAA, 85050 Potenza, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7702-0710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Papagiannopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche\u2014Istituto di Metodologie per l\u2019Analisi Ambientale CNR-IMAA, 85050 Potenza, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0867-4144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donato","family":"Summa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche\u2014Istituto di Metodologie per l\u2019Analisi Ambientale CNR-IMAA, 85050 Potenza, Italy"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Veselovskii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prokhorov General Physics Institute, 142190 Moscow, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4157-0838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Mona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche\u2014Istituto di Metodologie per l\u2019Analisi Ambientale CNR-IMAA, 85050 Potenza, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"San-Miguel-Ayanz, J., Durrant, T., Boca, R., Maianti, P., Libert\u00e0, G., Vivancos, T.A., Oom, D., Branco, A., De Rigo, D., and Ferrari, D. 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